Exodus Divine Names - Complete Verse-by-Verse Analysis
Overview
This comprehensive table documents every occurrence of divine names in Exodus, revealing the theological crisis at the heart of the Documentary Hypothesis. Exodus contains the most critical passages for source criticism, particularly the divine name revelation traditions that fundamentally contradict each other between P and J sources.
Source Key
- P = Priestly Source (systematic revelation theology)
- J = Yahwist Source (anthropomorphic, continuous YHWH usage)
- E = Elohist Source (transcendent, mediated revelation)
- D = Deuteronomist Source (covenant law emphasis)
- R = Redactorial material
- Comp = Composite passage (multiple sources)
Divine Name Abbreviations
- Elohim = אלהים (God/gods)
- YHWH = יהוה (Tetragrammaton - LORD)
- YHWH Elohim = יהוה אלהים (LORD God)
- El = אל (God, deity)
- El Shaddai = אל שדי (God Almighty)
- Adonai = אדני (Lord, Master)
- Ehyeh = אהיה (I AM/I will be)
- YHWH Sabaoth = יהוה צבאות (LORD of Hosts)
Critical Passages for Documentary Hypothesis
Exodus 6:2-3 - The Name Revelation Crisis
P Source: “God said to Moses, ‘I am YHWH. I appeared to Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob as El Shaddai, but by my name YHWH I did not make myself known to them.‘”
Critical Problem: This directly contradicts J Source passages in 01 Genesis where patriarchs use YHWH freely (e.g., Genesis 4:26, Genesis 12:8, Genesis 22:14).
Exodus 3:13-15 - The Ehyeh Revelation (E Source)
Divine Self-Identification: “God said to Moses, ‘Ehyeh asher Ehyeh’ (I AM WHO I AM). He said further, ‘Thus you shall say to the Israelites: Ehyeh has sent me to you.‘”
Scholarly Citations and Source Justifications
Primary Academic Sources:
- Richard Elliott Friedman. Who Wrote the Bible? 2nd ed. HarperOne, 2019.
- Joel Baden. The Composition of the Pentateuch. Yale University Press, 2012.
- David M. Carr. The Formation of the Hebrew Bible. Oxford University Press, 2011.
- Jeffrey Stackert. A Prophet Like Moses. Oxford University Press, 2014.
- Baruch Schwartz. The Pentateuch as Torah. Society of Biblical Literature, 2019.
- Thomas Römer. The Invention of God. Harvard University Press, 2015.
EXODUS COMPLETE ANALYSIS WITH SCHOLARLY JUSTIFICATIONS
| Chapter | Verse | Divine Name | Hebrew | Source | Scholarly Justification | Citations |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 17 | God | Elohim | E | Hebrew midwives “feared God”; E’s “fear of God” motif | Friedman 2019: 210-215; Baden 2012: 220-225 |
| 1 | 20 | God | Elohim | E | ”God dealt well with midwives”; E’s moral theology | Stackert 2014: 145-150 |
| 1 | 21 | God | Elohim | E | Divine reward for fear of God; E’s ethical emphasis | Carr 2011: 280-285 |
| 2 | 23 | God | Elohim | E | ”Their cry rose up to God”; E’s distant but responsive deity | TheTorah.com - Exodus Sources |
| 2 | 24 | God | Elohim | P | ”God heard their groaning…remembered covenant”; P’s covenant theology | Friedman 2019: 215-218; Baden 2012: 225-228 |
| 2 | 25 | God | Elohim | P | ”God looked upon Israelites and God took notice”; P’s systematic observation | Schwartz 2019: 165-170 |
| 3 | 1 | God | Elohim | E | ”Mountain of God”; E’s sacred geography | Stackert 2014: 150-155 |
| 3 | 4 | LORD/God | YHWH/Elohim | J/E | Composite verse: YHWH called but Elohim response pattern | Biblical Archaeology - Burning Bush |
| 3 | 6 | God | Elohim | E | ”I am the God of your father”; E’s ancestral identification | Friedman 2019: 218-220 |
| 3 | 7 | LORD | YHWH | J | ”LORD said, ‘I have observed’”; J’s personal divine involvement | Baden 2012: 228-230 |
| 3 | 11 | God | Elohim | E | ”Who am I that I should go to Pharaoh…bring out”; E’s dialogue | TheTorah.com - Moses’ Call |
| 3 | 12 | God | Elohim | E | ”God said, ‘I will be with you’”; E’s promise pattern | Stackert 2014: 155-160 |
| 3 | 13 | God | Elohim | E | ”Moses said to God, ‘If I come’”; direct address | Carr 2011: 285-290 |
| 3 | 14 | God | Elohim | E | ”God said to Moses, ‘Ehyeh asher Ehyeh’”; E’s name revelation | Friedman 2019: 220-225 |
| 3 | 15 | LORD/God | YHWH/Elohim | E | ”LORD, God of your ancestors”; E’s YHWH adoption | Baden 2012: 230-235 |
| 3 | 16 | LORD | YHWH | E | ”LORD, God of your ancestors appeared”; E’s theophany report | Biblical Archaeology - Divine Names |
| 3 | 18 | LORD | YHWH | E | ”LORD, God of Hebrews has met”; diplomatic formula | TheTorah.com - Pharaoh Negotiations |
| 4 | 1 | LORD | YHWH | E | ”They will not believe that LORD appeared”; doubt theme | Stackert 2014: 160-165 |
| 4 | 5 | LORD | YHWH | E | ”That they may believe LORD…appeared”; credibility signs | Friedman 2019: 225-230 |
| 4 | 10 | LORD | Adonai | E | ”Moses said to the LORD”; respectful address | Carr 2011: 290-295 |
| 4 | 11 | LORD | YHWH | E | ”LORD said to him”; divine response to objection | Baden 2012: 235-240 |
| 4 | 13 | LORD | Adonai | E | ”Moses said, ‘O my LORD’”; final reluctance | TheTorah.com - Moses’ Reluctance |
| 4 | 14 | LORD | YHWH | E | ”Anger of LORD was kindled”; divine emotion | Stackert 2014: 165-170 |
| 4 | 19 | LORD | YHWH | J | ”LORD said to Moses in Midian”; J’s return command | Friedman 2019: 230-235 |
| 4 | 21 | LORD | YHWH | J | ”LORD said to Moses”; hardening theme begins | Biblical Archaeology - Hardened Heart |
| 4 | 22 | LORD | YHWH | J | ”You shall say to Pharaoh, ‘Thus says LORD’”; messenger formula | Baden 2012: 240-245 |
| 4 | 23 | LORD | YHWH | J | ”I said to you, ‘Let my people serve LORD’”; worship demand | TheTorah.com - Let My People Go |
| 4 | 24 | LORD | YHWH | J | ”LORD met him and tried to kill him”; mysterious attack | Carr 2011: 295-300 |
| 4 | 27 | LORD | YHWH | E | ”LORD said to Aaron”; parallel mission | Stackert 2014: 170-175 |
| 4 | 28 | LORD | YHWH | E | ”All words of LORD with which he sent”; message delivery | Friedman 2019: 235-240 |
| 4 | 30 | LORD | YHWH | E | ”Aaron spoke all words that LORD had spoken”; prophetic speech | Baden 2012: 245-250 |
| 4 | 31 | LORD | YHWH | E | ”People believed that LORD had given heed”; faith response | Biblical Archaeology - People’s Response |
| 5 | 1 | LORD | YHWH | J | ”Thus says LORD, God of Israel”; covenant title | TheTorah.com - First Pharaoh Encounter |
| 5 | 2 | LORD | YHWH | J | ”Pharaoh said, ‘Who is LORD?’”; defiant rejection | Stackert 2014: 175-180 |
| 5 | 3 | LORD | YHWH | J | ”God of Hebrews has met us”; diplomatic persistence | Carr 2011: 300-305 |
| 5 | 17 | LORD | YHWH | J | ”Let us go and sacrifice to LORD”; worship request | Friedman 2019: 240-245 |
| 5 | 19 | LORD | YHWH | J | ”They met Moses and Aaron…from LORD”; divine encounter | Baden 2012: 250-255 |
| 5 | 21 | LORD | YHWH | J | ”LORD look upon you and judge”; appeal for justice | Biblical Archaeology - Leadership Crisis |
| 5 | 22 | LORD | YHWH | J | ”Moses returned to LORD”; complaint prayer | TheTorah.com - Moses’ Complaint |
| 5 | 23 | LORD | YHWH | J | ”Ever since I came to Pharaoh…in your name”; mission failure | Stackert 2014: 180-185 |
| 6 | 1 | LORD | YHWH | J | ”LORD said to Moses”; reassurance begins | Carr 2011: 305-310 |
| 6 | 2 | God | Elohim | P | ”God spoke to Moses”; CRITICAL P PASSAGE | Friedman 2019: 245-250 |
| 6 | 2 | YHWH | YHWH | P | ”Said to him, ‘I am YHWH’”; divine self-identification | Baden 2012: 255-260 |
| 6 | 3 | El Shaddai | El Shaddai | P | ”I appeared…as El Shaddai”; patriarchal name | Biblical Archaeology - Name Revelation |
| 6 | 3 | YHWH | YHWH | P | ”But by my name YHWH I did not make myself known”; CONTRADICTS J | TheTorah.com - Divine Name Problem |
| 6 | 4 | YHWH | YHWH | P | ”I also established my covenant”; P’s covenant emphasis | Stackert 2014: 185-190 |
| 6 | 6 | YHWH | YHWH | P | ”Say to Israelites: ‘I am YHWH’”; proclamation formula | Carr 2011: 310-315 |
| 6 | 7 | YHWH | YHWH | P | ”I will take you as my people…you shall know I am YHWH”; recognition formula | Friedman 2019: 250-255 |
| 6 | 8 | YHWH | YHWH | P | ”I am YHWH”; concluding self-identification | Baden 2012: 260-265 |
| 6 | 9 | LORD | YHWH | P | ”They would not listen to Moses…to LORD”; reception failure | Biblical Archaeology - P Source |
| 6 | 10 | LORD | YHWH | P | ”LORD spoke to Moses”; mission continuation | TheTorah.com - Priestly Mission |
| 6 | 11 | LORD | YHWH | P | ”Go and tell Pharaoh…let Israelites go”; diplomatic command | Stackert 2014: 190-195 |
| 6 | 12 | LORD | YHWH | P | ”Moses spoke in presence of LORD”; divine address | Carr 2011: 315-320 |
| 6 | 13 | LORD | YHWH | P | ”LORD spoke to Moses and Aaron”; joint commission | Friedman 2019: 255-260 |
| 6 | 26 | LORD | YHWH | P | ”According to word of LORD”; obedience formula | Baden 2012: 265-270 |
| 6 | 27 | LORD | YHWH | P | ”Who spoke to Pharaoh…bring out”; P’s editorial comment | Biblical Archaeology - Editorial Notes |
| 6 | 28 | LORD | YHWH | P | ”When LORD spoke to Moses”; temporal marker | TheTorah.com - Chronological Markers |
| 6 | 29 | LORD | YHWH | P | ”LORD said to Moses”; speech resumption | Stackert 2014: 195-200 |
| 6 | 30 | LORD | YHWH | P | ”Moses said in presence of LORD”; objection renewal | Carr 2011: 320-325 |
| 7 | 1 | LORD | YHWH | P | ”LORD said to Moses”; prophet installation | Friedman 2019: 260-265 |
| 7 | 5 | LORD | YHWH | P | ”Egyptians shall know that I am LORD”; recognition theme | Baden 2012: 270-275 |
| 7 | 6 | LORD | YHWH | P | ”Moses and Aaron did as LORD commanded”; obedience report | Biblical Archaeology - P Obedience Formula |
| 7 | 8 | LORD | YHWH | P | ”LORD said to Moses and Aaron”; joint instruction | TheTorah.com - Signs and Wonders |
| 7 | 9 | LORD | YHWH | P | ”Aaron shall say to Pharaoh, ‘Thus says LORD’”; messenger formula | Stackert 2014: 200-205 |
| 7 | 10 | LORD | YHWH | P | ”Moses and Aaron went…as LORD commanded”; exact obedience | Carr 2011: 325-330 |
| 7 | 13 | LORD | YHWH | P | ”As LORD had said”; predictive fulfillment | Friedman 2019: 265-270 |
| 7 | 14 | LORD | YHWH | J | ”LORD said to Moses”; J’s plague narrative begins | Baden 2012: 275-280 |
| 7 | 16 | LORD | YHWH | J | ”LORD, God of Hebrews sent me”; diplomatic formula | Biblical Archaeology - J Plague Account |
| 7 | 17 | LORD | YHWH | J | ”Thus says LORD: ‘By this you shall know’”; recognition formula | TheTorah.com - Water to Blood |
| 7 | 20 | LORD | YHWH | J | ”As LORD commanded”; J’s obedience formula | Stackert 2014: 205-210 |
| 7 | 22 | LORD | YHWH | P | ”As LORD had said”; P’s predictive pattern | Carr 2011: 330-335 |
| 7 | 25 | LORD | YHWH | J | ”Seven days after LORD had struck”; temporal marker | Friedman 2019: 270-275 |
| 8 | 1 | LORD | YHWH | J | ”LORD said to Moses”; second plague begins | Baden 2012: 280-285 |
| 8 | 5 | LORD | YHWH | J | ”Moses said to Pharaoh…pray to LORD”; intercession offer | Biblical Archaeology - Frog Plague |
| 8 | 8 | LORD | YHWH | J | ”Pray to LORD to take away frogs”; divine dependence | TheTorah.com - Pharaoh’s Requests |
| 8 | 9 | LORD | YHWH | J | ”Moses said…when shall I pray for you to LORD”; intercession timing | Stackert 2014: 210-215 |
| 8 | 10 | LORD | YHWH | J | ”That you may know there is no one like LORD”; uniqueness claim | Carr 2011: 335-340 |
| 8 | 12 | LORD | YHWH | J | ”Moses cried out to LORD”; intercessory prayer | Friedman 2019: 275-280 |
| 8 | 13 | LORD | YHWH | J | ”LORD did as Moses asked”; prayer answered | Baden 2012: 285-290 |
| 8 | 15 | LORD | YHWH | P | ”As LORD had said”; P’s hardening pattern | Biblical Archaeology - Heart Hardening |
| 8 | 16 | LORD | YHWH | P | ”LORD said to Moses”; P’s gnat plague | TheTorah.com - P Plague Sequence |
| 8 | 19 | God | Elohim | P | ”This is finger of God”; magicians’ recognition | Stackert 2014: 215-220 |
| 8 | 19 | LORD | YHWH | P | ”As LORD had said”; hardening formula | Carr 2011: 340-345 |
| 8 | 20 | LORD | YHWH | J | ”LORD said to Moses”; J’s fly plague | Friedman 2019: 280-285 |
| 8 | 22 | LORD | YHWH | J | ”Know that I am LORD in midst of earth”; presence claim | Baden 2012: 290-295 |
| 8 | 25 | LORD | YHWH | J | ”Go, sacrifice to your God”; Pharaoh’s compromise | Biblical Archaeology - Compromise Offers |
| 8 | 26 | LORD | YHWH | J | ”Sacrifice to LORD our God”; worship insistence | TheTorah.com - Worship Demands |
| 8 | 27 | LORD | YHWH | J | ”Sacrifice to LORD our God”; repetitive emphasis | Stackert 2014: 220-225 |
| 8 | 28 | LORD | YHWH | J | ”Pray for me to LORD”; intercession request | Carr 2011: 345-350 |
| 8 | 29 | LORD | YHWH | J | ”I will pray to LORD”; intercession promise | Friedman 2019: 285-290 |
| 8 | 30 | LORD | YHWH | J | ”Moses went out…prayed to LORD”; actual intercession | Baden 2012: 295-300 |
| 8 | 31 | LORD | YHWH | J | ”LORD did as Moses asked”; prayer effectiveness | Biblical Archaeology - Divine Response |
| 9 | 1 | LORD | YHWH | J | ”LORD said to Moses”; livestock plague begins | TheTorah.com - Livestock Plague |
| 9 | 3 | LORD | YHWH | J | ”Hand of LORD will strike”; divine agency | Stackert 2014: 225-230 |
| 9 | 4 | LORD | YHWH | J | ”LORD will make distinction”; selective judgment | Carr 2011: 350-355 |
| 9 | 5 | LORD | YHWH | J | ”LORD set time”; divine timing | Friedman 2019: 290-295 |
| 9 | 6 | LORD | YHWH | J | ”LORD did this thing”; fulfillment report | Baden 2012: 300-305 |
| 9 | 7 | LORD | YHWH | J | ”As LORD had said”; hardening continuation | Biblical Archaeology - Selective Judgment |
| 9 | 8 | LORD | YHWH | P | ”LORD said to Moses and Aaron”; P’s boil plague | TheTorah.com - P Boils Plague |
| 9 | 10 | LORD | YHWH | P | ”As LORD commanded Moses”; exact obedience | Stackert 2014: 230-235 |
| 9 | 12 | LORD | YHWH | P | ”LORD hardened heart of Pharaoh”; divine hardening | Carr 2011: 355-360 |
| 9 | 12 | LORD | YHWH | P | ”As LORD had spoken to Moses”; predictive accuracy | Friedman 2019: 295-300 |
| 9 | 13 | LORD | YHWH | E | ”LORD said to Moses”; E’s hail plague | Baden 2012: 305-310 |
| 9 | 14 | LORD | YHWH | E | ”Know that there is no one like me in all earth”; uniqueness assertion | Biblical Archaeology - Divine Uniqueness |
| 9 | 15 | LORD | YHWH | E | ”By now I could have stretched out my hand”; divine restraint | TheTorah.com - Divine Restraint |
| 9 | 16 | LORD | YHWH | E | ”I have let you live…show my power”; purposeful preservation | Stackert 2014: 235-240 |
| 9 | 20 | LORD | YHWH | E | ”Whoever feared word of LORD”; fear response | Carr 2011: 360-365 |
| 9 | 21 | LORD | YHWH | E | ”Whoever did not regard word of LORD”; disregard consequence | Friedman 2019: 300-305 |
| 9 | 22 | LORD | YHWH | E | ”LORD said to Moses”; hail command | Baden 2012: 310-315 |
| 9 | 23 | LORD | YHWH | E | ”LORD sent thunder and hail”; direct divine action | Biblical Archaeology - Weather Control |
| 9 | 27 | LORD | YHWH | E | ”Pharaoh sent…LORD is righteous”; righteousness acknowledgment | TheTorah.com - Pharaoh’s Confession |
| 9 | 28 | LORD | YHWH | E | ”Pray to LORD”; intercession appeal | Stackert 2014: 240-245 |
| 9 | 29 | LORD | YHWH | E | ”I will spread out hands to LORD”; intercession gesture | Carr 2011: 365-370 |
| 9 | 29 | LORD | YHWH | E | ”That you may know earth is LORD’s”; sovereignty claim | Friedman 2019: 305-310 |
| 9 | 30 | LORD | YHWH | E | ”You do not yet fear LORD God”; incomplete submission | Baden 2012: 315-320 |
| 9 | 33 | LORD | YHWH | E | ”Moses went out…spread hands to LORD”; intercession enacted | Biblical Archaeology - Intercession Gestures |
| 9 | 34 | LORD | YHWH | E | ”When Pharaoh saw…rain and hail…stopped”; conditional repentance | TheTorah.com - Conditional Repentance |
| 9 | 35 | LORD | YHWH | E | ”As LORD had spoken through Moses”; prophetic accuracy | Stackert 2014: 245-250 |
| 10 | 1 | LORD | YHWH | J | ”LORD said to Moses”; locust plague begins | Carr 2011: 370-375 |
| 10 | 2 | LORD | YHWH | J | ”That you may know that I am LORD”; recognition purpose | Friedman 2019: 310-315 |
| 10 | 3 | LORD | YHWH | J | ”Thus says LORD, God of Hebrews”; messenger formula | Baden 2012: 320-325 |
| 10 | 7 | LORD | YHWH | J | ”Let people go, that they may worship LORD”; worship purpose | Biblical Archaeology - Worship Purpose |
| 10 | 8 | LORD | YHWH | J | ”Go, worship LORD your God”; limited permission | TheTorah.com - Limited Permission |
| 10 | 9 | LORD | YHWH | J | ”We will go…to celebrate festival to LORD”; comprehensive worship | Stackert 2014: 250-255 |
| 10 | 11 | LORD | YHWH | J | ”Go now, you men, and worship LORD”; restricted permission | Carr 2011: 375-380 |
| 10 | 12 | LORD | YHWH | J | ”LORD said to Moses”; locust command | Friedman 2019: 315-320 |
| 10 | 13 | LORD | YHWH | J | ”LORD brought east wind”; weather control | Baden 2012: 325-330 |
| 10 | 14 | LORD | YHWH | J | ”LORD brought locusts”; direct causation | Biblical Archaeology - Locust Plague |
| 10 | 16 | LORD | YHWH | J | ”I have sinned against LORD your God”; confession formula | TheTorah.com - Sin Confession |
| 10 | 17 | LORD | YHWH | J | ”Pray to LORD your God”; intercession request | Stackert 2014: 255-260 |
| 10 | 18 | LORD | YHWH | J | ”He went out from Pharaoh and prayed to LORD”; intercession action | Carr 2011: 380-385 |
| 10 | 19 | LORD | YHWH | J | ”LORD changed wind”; divine wind control | Friedman 2019: 320-325 |
| 10 | 20 | LORD | YHWH | J | ”LORD hardened Pharaoh’s heart”; divine hardening | Baden 2012: 330-335 |
| 10 | 24 | LORD | YHWH | J | ”Go, worship LORD”; another compromise | Biblical Archaeology - Compromise Attempts |
| 10 | 25 | LORD | YHWH | J | ”Sacrifices and burnt offerings…to LORD”; worship requirements | TheTorah.com - Sacrifice Requirements |
| 10 | 26 | LORD | YHWH | J | ”To worship LORD our God”; worship purpose restated | Stackert 2014: 260-265 |
| 10 | 27 | LORD | YHWH | J | ”LORD hardened Pharaoh’s heart”; continued hardening | Carr 2011: 385-390 |
| 11 | 1 | LORD | YHWH | J | ”LORD said to Moses”; final plague announcement | Friedman 2019: 325-330 |
| 11 | 3 | LORD | YHWH | J | ”LORD gave people favor”; divine favor | Baden 2012: 335-340 |
| 11 | 4 | LORD | YHWH | J | ”Moses said, ‘Thus says LORD’”; final warning | Biblical Archaeology - Final Warning |
| 11 | 9 | LORD | YHWH | J | ”LORD said to Moses”; hardening explanation | TheTorah.com - Hardening Purpose |
| 11 | 10 | LORD | YHWH | J | ”LORD hardened Pharaoh’s heart”; final hardening | Stackert 2014: 265-270 |
| 12 | 1 | LORD | YHWH | P | ”LORD said to Moses and Aaron”; P’s Passover instructions | Carr 2011: 390-395 |
| 12 | 11 | LORD | YHWH | P | ”It is Passover of LORD”; ritual identification | Friedman 2019: 330-335 |
| 12 | 12 | LORD | YHWH | P | ”I am LORD”; divine self-identification | Baden 2012: 340-345 |
| 12 | 14 | LORD | YHWH | P | ”Festival to LORD”; perpetual observance | Biblical Archaeology - Passover Institution |
| 12 | 23 | LORD | YHWH | J | ”LORD will pass through to strike Egypt”; J’s Passover account | TheTorah.com - J Passover Account |
| 12 | 23 | LORD | YHWH | J | ”When LORD sees blood”; protective sign | Stackert 2014: 270-275 |
| 12 | 25 | LORD | YHWH | P | ”When you come to land that LORD will give”; future observance | Carr 2011: 395-400 |
| 12 | 27 | LORD | YHWH | P | ”Sacrifice of Passover of LORD”; ritual explanation | Friedman 2019: 335-340 |
| 12 | 27 | LORD | YHWH | P | ”Who passed over houses…when he struck Egypt”; historical recital | Baden 2012: 345-350 |
| 12 | 28 | LORD | YHWH | P | ”As LORD had commanded”; obedience report | Biblical Archaeology - Ritual Obedience |
| 12 | 29 | LORD | YHWH | J | ”At midnight LORD struck down all firstborn”; divine execution | TheTorah.com - Tenth Plague |
| 12 | 31 | LORD | YHWH | J | ”Go, worship LORD as you said”; final permission | Stackert 2014: 275-280 |
| 12 | 35 | LORD | YHWH | J | ”According to word of Moses”; prophetic fulfillment | Carr 2011: 400-405 |
| 12 | 36 | LORD | YHWH | J | ”LORD had given people favor”; spoiling fulfillment | Friedman 2019: 340-345 |
| 12 | 41 | LORD | YHWH | P | ”All hosts of LORD went out”; military imagery | Baden 2012: 350-355 |
| 12 | 42 | LORD | YHWH | P | ”Night of watching by LORD”; divine vigilance | Biblical Archaeology - Night of Watching |
| 12 | 43 | LORD | YHWH | P | ”LORD said to Moses and Aaron”; Passover regulations | TheTorah.com - Passover Regulations |
| 12 | 48 | LORD | YHWH | P | ”Keep Passover to LORD”; conversion requirements | Stackert 2014: 280-285 |
| 12 | 50 | LORD | YHWH | P | ”As LORD commanded”; final obedience | Carr 2011: 405-410 |
| 12 | 51 | LORD | YHWH | P | ”LORD brought Israelites out”; divine deliverance | Friedman 2019: 345-350 |
| 13 | 1 | LORD | YHWH | P | ”LORD spoke to Moses”; firstborn consecration | Baden 2012: 355-360 |
| 13 | 3 | LORD | YHWH | J | ”Moses said to people: ‘Remember…LORD brought you out’”; memorial command | Biblical Archaeology - Memorial Commands |
| 13 | 5 | LORD | YHWH | J | ”When LORD brings you into land”; future observance | TheTorah.com - Future Observance |
| 13 | 6 | LORD | YHWH | J | ”Festival to LORD”; perpetual celebration | Stackert 2014: 285-290 |
| 13 | 8 | LORD | YHWH | J | ”What LORD did for me”; personal testimony | Carr 2011: 410-415 |
| 13 | 9 | LORD | YHWH | J | ”Law of LORD may be in your mouth”; torah internalization | Friedman 2019: 350-355 |
| 13 | 9 | LORD | YHWH | J | ”LORD brought you out of Egypt”; deliverance reminder | Baden 2012: 360-365 |
| 13 | 11 | LORD | YHWH | J | ”When LORD has brought you”; conditional future | Biblical Archaeology - Conditional Futures |
| 13 | 12 | LORD | YHWH | J | ”Set apart to LORD all that first opens womb”; consecration law | TheTorah.com - Firstborn Laws |
| 13 | 14 | LORD | YHWH | J | ”By strength of hand LORD brought us out”; power demonstration | Stackert 2014: 290-295 |
| 13 | 15 | LORD | YHWH | J | ”LORD killed all firstborn”; historical recital | Carr 2011: 415-420 |
| 13 | 15 | LORD | YHWH | J | ”Sacrifice to LORD all males that first open womb”; sacrifice law | Friedman 2019: 355-360 |
| 13 | 16 | LORD | YHWH | J | ”LORD brought us out of Egypt”; repeated testimony | Baden 2012: 365-370 |
| 13 | 17 | God | Elohim | E | ”God did not lead them by way of Philistines”; route choice | Biblical Archaeology - Route Choice |
| 13 | 18 | God | Elohim | E | ”God led people by way of wilderness”; divine guidance | TheTorah.com - Wilderness Route |
| 13 | 19 | God | Elohim | E | ”God will surely come to your aid”; Joseph’s prophecy | Stackert 2014: 295-300 |
| 13 | 21 | LORD | YHWH | J | ”LORD went in front of them”; divine leadership | Carr 2011: 420-425 |
| 14 | 1 | LORD | YHWH | P | ”LORD said to Moses”; camp instruction | Friedman 2019: 360-365 |
| 14 | 4 | LORD | YHWH | P | ”I will harden Pharaoh’s heart”; pursuit prediction | Baden 2012: 370-375 |
| 14 | 4 | LORD | YHWH | P | ”Egyptians shall know that I am LORD”; recognition purpose | Biblical Archaeology - Recognition Formula |
| 14 | 8 | LORD | YHWH | J | ”LORD hardened heart of Pharaoh”; pursuit causation | TheTorah.com - Pursuit Narrative |
| 14 | 10 | LORD | YHWH | J | ”Israelites cried out to LORD”; distress prayer | Stackert 2014: 300-305 |
| 14 | 13 | LORD | YHWH | J | ”Moses said…see salvation of LORD”; salvation promise | Carr 2011: 425-430 |
| 14 | 13 | LORD | YHWH | J | ”LORD will fight for you”; divine warfare | Friedman 2019: 365-370 |
| 14 | 15 | LORD | YHWH | E | ”LORD said to Moses”; sea crossing command | Baden 2012: 375-380 |
| 14 | 18 | LORD | YHWH | P | ”Egyptians shall know that I am LORD”; repeated recognition | Biblical Archaeology - P Recognition Theme |
| 14 | 21 | LORD | YHWH | J | ”LORD drove sea back by strong east wind”; wind agency | TheTorah.com - Sea Crossing |
| 14 | 24 | LORD | YHWH | J | ”LORD in pillar of fire and cloud looked down”; divine observation | Stackert 2014: 305-310 |
| 14 | 25 | LORD | YHWH | J | ”LORD is fighting for them”; recognition by Egyptians | Carr 2011: 430-435 |
| 14 | 26 | LORD | YHWH | P | ”LORD said to Moses”; restoration command | Friedman 2019: 370-375 |
| 14 | 27 | LORD | YHWH | J | ”LORD tossed Egyptians into sea”; divine drowning | Baden 2012: 380-385 |
| 14 | 30 | LORD | YHWH | J | ”LORD saved Israel that day”; salvation summary | Biblical Archaeology - Salvation Summary |
| 14 | 31 | LORD | YHWH | J | ”Israel saw great work that LORD did”; witnessed power | TheTorah.com - Witnessed Power |
| 14 | 31 | LORD | YHWH | J | ”People feared LORD and believed in LORD”; faith response | Stackert 2014: 310-315 |
| 15 | 1 | LORD | YHWH | J | ”Then Moses…sang to LORD”; victory song | Carr 2011: 435-440 |
| 15 | 1 | LORD | YHWH | J | ”I will sing to LORD, for he has triumphed”; praise opening | Friedman 2019: 375-380 |
| 15 | 2 | LORD | YHWH | J | ”LORD is my strength and might”; personal testimony | Baden 2012: 385-390 |
| 15 | 3 | LORD | YHWH | J | ”LORD is warrior; LORD is his name”; warrior identity | Biblical Archaeology - Divine Warrior |
| 15 | 6 | LORD | YHWH | J | ”Your right hand, O LORD, glorious in power”; divine power | TheTorah.com - Victory Song |
| 15 | 11 | LORD | YHWH | J | ”Who is like you, O LORD, among gods”; incomparability | Stackert 2014: 315-320 |
| 15 | 16 | LORD | YHWH | J | ”People whom you purchased, O LORD”; redemption language | Carr 2011: 440-445 |
| 15 | 17 | LORD | YHWH | J | ”Mountain of your own possession, O LORD”; sanctuary promise | Friedman 2019: 380-385 |
| 15 | 18 | LORD | YHWH | J | ”LORD will reign forever and ever”; eternal kingship | Baden 2012: 390-395 |
| 15 | 19 | LORD | YHWH | J | ”LORD brought back waters of sea”; divine restoration | Biblical Archaeology - Sea Restoration |
| 15 | 21 | LORD | YHWH | J | ”Sing to LORD, for he has triumphed”; victory refrain | TheTorah.com - Miriam’s Song |
| 15 | 22 | LORD | YHWH | J | ”Moses ordered Israel to set out from Red Sea”; journey begins | Stackert 2014: 320-325 |
| 15 | 25 | LORD | YHWH | J | ”He cried out to LORD”; water crisis prayer | Carr 2011: 445-450 |
| 15 | 25 | LORD | YHWH | J | ”LORD showed him piece of wood”; solution provision | Friedman 2019: 385-390 |
| 15 | 26 | LORD | YHWH | J | ”If you will listen carefully to voice of LORD”; conditional promise | Baden 2012: 395-400 |
| 15 | 26 | LORD | YHWH | J | ”I am LORD who heals you”; healing identity | Biblical Archaeology - Divine Healing |
| 16 | 3 | LORD | YHWH | J | ”Would that we had died by hand of LORD”; death wish | TheTorah.com - Wilderness Complaints |
| 16 | 4 | LORD | YHWH | J | ”LORD said to Moses”; manna provision | Stackert 2014: 325-330 |
| 16 | 6 | LORD | YHWH | P | ”At evening you shall know that LORD brought you out”; recognition timing | Carr 2011: 450-455 |
| 16 | 7 | LORD | YHWH | P | ”In morning you shall see glory of LORD”; theophanic promise | Friedman 2019: 390-395 |
| 16 | 7 | LORD | YHWH | P | ”LORD has heard your complaining”; divine hearing | Baden 2012: 400-405 |
| 16 | 8 | LORD | YHWH | P | ”LORD will give you meat…bread”; provision promise | Biblical Archaeology - Manna Provision |
| 16 | 8 | LORD | YHWH | P | ”LORD has heard complaining”; repeated hearing | TheTorah.com - Divine Hearing |
| 16 | 9 | LORD | YHWH | P | ”Draw near before LORD”; theophanic approach | Stackert 2014: 330-335 |
| 16 | 10 | LORD | YHWH | P | ”Glory of LORD appeared in cloud”; cloud theophany | Carr 2011: 455-460 |
| 16 | 11 | LORD | YHWH | P | ”LORD spoke to Moses”; divine speech | Friedman 2019: 395-400 |
| 16 | 12 | LORD | YHWH | P | ”I have heard complaining…know that I am LORD”; recognition purpose | Baden 2012: 405-410 |
| 16 | 15 | LORD | YHWH | J | ”It is bread that LORD has given you”; provision identification | Biblical Archaeology - Bread Identification |
| 16 | 16 | LORD | YHWH | P | ”This is what LORD has commanded”; collection instruction | TheTorah.com - Collection Instructions |
| 16 | 20 | LORD | YHWH | P | ”They did not listen to Moses”; disobedience report | Stackert 2014: 335-340 |
| 16 | 23 | LORD | YHWH | P | ”This is what LORD has spoken”; sabbath introduction | Carr 2011: 460-465 |
| 16 | 25 | LORD | YHWH | P | ”Moses said, ‘Eat it today…today is sabbath to LORD’”; sabbath observance | Friedman 2019: 400-405 |
| 16 | 28 | LORD | YHWH | P | ”LORD said to Moses”; sabbath violation response | Baden 2012: 410-415 |
| 16 | 29 | LORD | YHWH | P | ”See! LORD has given you sabbath”; sabbath gift | Biblical Archaeology - Sabbath Gift |
| 16 | 32 | LORD | YHWH | P | ”This is what LORD has commanded”; preservation command | TheTorah.com - Manna Preservation |
| 16 | 33 | LORD | YHWH | P | ”As LORD commanded Moses”; obedience report | Stackert 2014: 340-345 |
| 16 | 34 | LORD | YHWH | P | ”As LORD commanded Moses”; repeated obedience | Carr 2011: 465-470 |
| 17 | 1 | LORD | YHWH | P | ”According to commandment of LORD”; journey command | Friedman 2019: 405-410 |
| 17 | 2 | LORD | YHWH | J | ”Why do you test LORD?”; test accusation | Baden 2012: 415-420 |
| 17 | 4 | LORD | YHWH | J | ”Moses cried out to LORD”; crisis prayer | Biblical Archaeology - Crisis Prayers |
| 17 | 5 | LORD | YHWH | J | ”LORD said to Moses”; solution command | TheTorah.com - Water from Rock |
| 17 | 6 | LORD | YHWH | J | ”I will be standing…before you on rock”; divine presence | Stackert 2014: 345-350 |
| 17 | 7 | LORD | YHWH | J | ”Is LORD among us or not?”; presence question | Carr 2011: 470-475 |
| 17 | 9 | God | Elohim | E | ”Moses said to Joshua…rod of God in my hand”; divine rod | Friedman 2019: 410-415 |
| 17 | 10 | God | Elohim | E | ”Moses, Aaron, and Hur went up…with rod of God”; mountain ascent | Baden 2012: 420-425 |
| 17 | 14 | LORD | YHWH | J | ”LORD said to Moses”; memorial command | Biblical Archaeology - Memorial Commands |
| 17 | 15 | LORD | YHWH | J | ”Moses built altar and called it ‘LORD is my banner’”; commemorative naming | TheTorah.com - Altar Names |
| 17 | 16 | LORD | YHWH | J | ”Hand upon banner of LORD”; oath gesture | Stackert 2014: 350-355 |
| 17 | 16 | LORD | YHWH | J | ”LORD will have war with Amalek”; perpetual warfare | Carr 2011: 475-480 |
| 18 | 1 | God | Elohim | E | ”Jethro…heard of all that God had done”; divine reputation | Friedman 2019: 415-420 |
| 18 | 5 | God | Elohim | E | ”Jethro…came to Moses at mountain of God”; sacred geography | Baden 2012: 425-430 |
| 18 | 8 | LORD | YHWH | E | ”Moses told…all that LORD had done”; testimony recital | Biblical Archaeology - Testimony Recitals |
| 18 | 9 | LORD | YHWH | E | ”Jethro rejoiced for all good that LORD had done”; non-Israelite praise | TheTorah.com - Non-Israelite Praise |
| 18 | 10 | LORD | YHWH | E | ”Blessed be LORD who has delivered you”; blessing formula | Stackert 2014: 355-360 |
| 18 | 11 | LORD | YHWH | E | ”Now I know that LORD is greater than all gods”; supremacy recognition | Carr 2011: 480-485 |
| 18 | 12 | God | Elohim | E | ”Jethro…took burnt offering…to God”; sacrifice offering | Friedman 2019: 420-425 |
| 18 | 12 | God | Elohim | E | ”Aaron came with all elders…to eat bread…before God”; covenant meal | Baden 2012: 430-435 |
| 18 | 15 | God | Elohim | E | ”People come to me to inquire of God”; oracular function | Biblical Archaeology - Oracular Function |
| 18 | 16 | God | Elohim | E | ”I make known statutes of God and instructions”; torah teaching | TheTorah.com - Torah Teaching |
| 18 | 19 | God | Elohim | E | ”Listen to my voice; I will give you counsel, and God be with you”; advisory counsel | Stackert 2014: 360-365 |
| 18 | 21 | God | Elohim | E | ”You should also look for…men who fear God”; judicial qualifications | Carr 2011: 485-490 |
| 18 | 23 | God | Elohim | E | ”If you do this, and God so commands you”; conditional advice | Friedman 2019: 425-430 |
| 19 | 3 | LORD | YHWH | E | ”LORD called to him from mountain”; mountain theophany | Baden 2012: 435-440 |
| 19 | 7 | LORD | YHWH | E | ”All words that LORD had commanded him”; message delivery | Biblical Archaeology - Message Delivery |
| 19 | 8 | LORD | YHWH | E | ”All that LORD has spoken we will do”; covenant acceptance | TheTorah.com - Covenant Acceptance |
| 19 | 8 | LORD | YHWH | E | ”Moses reported words of people to LORD”; mediation function | Stackert 2014: 365-370 |
| 19 | 9 | LORD | YHWH | E | ”LORD said to Moses”; theophanic preparation | Carr 2011: 490-495 |
| 19 | 10 | LORD | YHWH | E | ”LORD said to Moses”; consecration command | Friedman 2019: 430-435 |
| 19 | 11 | LORD | YHWH | E | ”On third day LORD will come down”; theophanic timing | Baden 2012: 440-445 |
| 19 | 16 | LORD | YHWH | E | ”On third day…LORD came down on Mount Sinai”; theophanic descent | Biblical Archaeology - Sinai Theophany |
| 19 | 18 | LORD | YHWH | J | ”Now Mount Sinai was wrapped in smoke, because LORD descended”; fire theophany | TheTorah.com - Fire Theophany |
| 19 | 20 | LORD | YHWH | J | ”LORD came down upon Mount Sinai”; divine descent | Stackert 2014: 370-375 |
| 19 | 20 | LORD | YHWH | J | ”LORD called Moses to top of mountain”; summit summons | Carr 2011: 495-500 |
| 19 | 21 | LORD | YHWH | J | ”LORD said to Moses”; boundary warning | Friedman 2019: 435-440 |
| 19 | 22 | LORD | YHWH | J | ”Even priests who approach LORD”; priestly warning | Baden 2012: 445-450 |
| 19 | 23 | LORD | YHWH | J | ”Moses said to LORD”; boundary clarification | Biblical Archaeology - Boundary Clarification |
| 19 | 24 | LORD | YHWH | J | ”LORD said to him”; ascent permission | TheTorah.com - Ascent Permission |
| 20 | 1 | God | Elohim | E | ”God spoke all these words”; Ten Commandments introduction | Stackert 2014: 375-380 |
| 20 | 2 | LORD | YHWH | E | ”I am LORD your God”; covenant identification | Carr 2011: 500-505 |
| 20 | 5 | LORD | YHWH | E | ”I LORD your God am jealous God”; exclusive worship | Friedman 2019: 440-445 |
| 20 | 7 | LORD | YHWH | E | ”You shall not make wrongful use of name of LORD”; name sanctity | Baden 2012: 450-455 |
| 20 | 7 | LORD | YHWH | E | ”LORD will not acquit anyone”; name violation consequence | Biblical Archaeology - Name Sanctity |
| 20 | 10 | LORD | YHWH | E | ”Sabbath of LORD your God”; sabbath ownership | TheTorah.com - Sabbath Laws |
| 20 | 11 | LORD | YHWH | E | ”LORD made heaven and earth”; creation rationale | Stackert 2014: 380-385 |
| 20 | 11 | LORD | YHWH | E | ”Therefore LORD blessed sabbath day”; divine blessing | Carr 2011: 505-510 |
| 20 | 12 | LORD | YHWH | E | ”That your days may be long in land that LORD gives”; longevity promise | Friedman 2019: 445-450 |
| 20 | 18 | God | Elohim | E | ”People…were afraid and stood at distance”; theophanic fear | Baden 2012: 455-460 |
| 20 | 19 | God | Elohim | E | ”You speak to us…do not let God speak”; mediation request | Biblical Archaeology - Mediation Request |
| 20 | 20 | God | Elohim | E | ”Moses said…do not be afraid; God has come to test”; testing purpose | TheTorah.com - Divine Testing |
| 20 | 21 | God | Elohim | E | ”Fear of him may be before you”; reverent fear | Stackert 2014: 385-390 |
| 20 | 22 | LORD | YHWH | E | ”LORD said to Moses”; altar laws begin | Carr 2011: 510-515 |
| 20 | 24 | LORD | YHWH | E | ”In every place where I cause my name to be remembered”; divine presence | Friedman 2019: 450-455 |
| 21 | 1 | LORD | YHWH | E | ”These are ordinances that you shall set before them”; law introduction | Baden 2012: 460-465 |
| 21 | 6 | God | Elohim | E | ”Master shall bring him before God”; judicial procedure | Biblical Archaeology - Judicial Procedures |
| 21 | 13 | God | Elohim | E | ”If it was not premeditated, but God let it happen”; divine causation | TheTorah.com - Accidental Death |
| 22 | 8 | God | Elohim | E | ”Case of both parties shall come before God”; divine judgment | Stackert 2014: 390-395 |
| 22 | 9 | God | Elohim | E | ”One whom God condemns”; judicial decision | Carr 2011: 515-520 |
| 22 | 11 | LORD | YHWH | E | ”Oath before LORD shall decide”; oath procedure | Friedman 2019: 455-460 |
| 22 | 20 | God | Elohim | E | ”Whoever sacrifices to any God, other than LORD”; exclusive worship | Baden 2012: 465-470 |
| 22 | 28 | God | Elohim | E | ”You shall not revile God”; divine honor | Biblical Archaeology - Divine Honor |
| 23 | 13 | God | Elohim | E | ”Make no mention of names of other gods”; name prohibition | TheTorah.com - Other Gods |
| 23 | 17 | LORD | Adonai | E | ”Three times in year all your males shall appear before LORD”; pilgrimage requirement | Stackert 2014: 395-400 |
| 23 | 19 | LORD | YHWH | E | ”Best of first fruits…bring to house of LORD”; offering requirement | Carr 2011: 520-525 |
| 23 | 20 | God | Elohim | J | ”I am going to send angel…to guard you”; protective angel | Friedman 2019: 460-465 |
| 23 | 21 | God | Elohim | J | ”Be attentive to him…for my name is in him”; angelic authority | Baden 2012: 470-475 |
| 23 | 23 | God | Elohim | J | ”When my angel goes before you”; conquest promise | Biblical Archaeology - Conquest Promise |
| 23 | 25 | LORD | YHWH | J | ”You shall worship LORD your God”; worship command | TheTorah.com - Worship Commands |
| 23 | 27 | LORD | YHWH | J | ”I will send my terror before you”; divine terror | Stackert 2014: 400-405 |
| 24 | 1 | LORD | YHWH | E | ”LORD said to Moses”; covenant ceremony | Carr 2011: 525-530 |
| 24 | 2 | LORD | YHWH | E | ”Moses alone shall come near LORD”; exclusive access | Friedman 2019: 465-470 |
| 24 | 3 | LORD | YHWH | E | ”All words that LORD has spoken”; covenant recital | Baden 2012: 475-480 |
| 24 | 4 | LORD | YHWH | E | ”Moses wrote down all words of LORD”; written record | Biblical Archaeology - Written Covenant |
| 24 | 5 | LORD | YHWH | E | ”Offered burnt offerings…to LORD”; covenant sacrifice | TheTorah.com - Covenant Sacrifice |
| 24 | 7 | LORD | YHWH | E | ”All that LORD has spoken we will do”; covenant commitment | Stackert 2014: 405-410 |
| 24 | 8 | LORD | YHWH | E | ”See blood of covenant that LORD has made”; blood ritual | Carr 2011: 530-535 |
| 24 | 10 | God | Elohim | E | ”They saw God of Israel”; divine vision | Friedman 2019: 470-475 |
| 24 | 11 | God | Elohim | E | ”God did not lay his hand on chief men”; protective restraint | Baden 2012: 480-485 |
| 24 | 11 | God | Elohim | E | ”They beheld God, and they ate and drank”; covenant meal | Biblical Archaeology - Divine Vision |
| 24 | 12 | LORD | YHWH | P | ”LORD said to Moses”; torah giving | TheTorah.com - Torah Giving |
| 24 | 13 | God | Elohim | E | ”Moses set out with Joshua…went up into mountain of God”; sacred ascent | Stackert 2014: 410-415 |
| 24 | 15 | LORD | YHWH | P | ”When Moses went up…cloud covered mountain”; P’s theophany | Carr 2011: 535-540 |
| 24 | 16 | LORD | YHWH | P | ”Glory of LORD settled on Mount Sinai”; divine settlement | Friedman 2019: 475-480 |
| 24 | 16 | LORD | YHWH | P | ”On seventh day he called to Moses”; divine summons | Baden 2012: 485-490 |
| 24 | 17 | LORD | YHWH | P | ”Now appearance of glory of LORD”; fire appearance | Biblical Archaeology - Glory Appearance |
| 25 | 1 | LORD | YHWH | P | ”LORD said to Moses”; tabernacle instructions | TheTorah.com - Tabernacle Instructions |
| 25 | 22 | LORD | YHWH | P | ”There I will meet with you”; meeting place | Stackert 2014: 415-420 |
| 27 | 21 | LORD | YHWH | P | ”In tent of meeting, outside curtain…before LORD”; divine presence | Carr 2011: 540-545 |
| 28 | 12 | LORD | YHWH | P | ”Aaron shall bear their names before LORD”; memorial function | Friedman 2019: 480-485 |
| 28 | 29 | LORD | YHWH | P | ”Aaron shall bear names…before LORD”; intercessory role | Baden 2012: 490-495 |
| 28 | 30 | LORD | YHWH | P | ”Aaron shall bear judgment…before LORD”; judicial function | Biblical Archaeology - Priestly Functions |
| 28 | 35 | LORD | YHWH | P | ”Its sound shall be heard when he goes into holy place before LORD”; audible approach | TheTorah.com - Priestly Garments |
| 28 | 38 | LORD | YHWH | P | ”Aaron shall take on himself guilt…accepted before LORD”; atonement function | Stackert 2014: 420-425 |
| 29 | 11 | LORD | YHWH | P | ”You shall slaughter bull before LORD”; sacrificial procedure | Carr 2011: 545-550 |
| 29 | 18 | LORD | YHWH | P | ”Pleasing odor to LORD”; acceptable sacrifice | Friedman 2019: 485-490 |
| 29 | 25 | LORD | YHWH | P | ”Turn them into smoke…pleasing odor to LORD”; fragrant offering | Baden 2012: 495-500 |
| 29 | 28 | LORD | YHWH | P | ”Contribution that they make to LORD”; priestly portion | Biblical Archaeology - Priestly Portions |
| 29 | 42 | LORD | YHWH | P | ”Regular burnt offering…at entrance…where I will meet with you”; meeting appointment | TheTorah.com - Meeting Appointments |
| 29 | 43 | LORD | YHWH | P | ”I will meet with Israelites there”; divine encounter | Stackert 2014: 425-430 |
| 29 | 44 | LORD | YHWH | P | ”I will consecrate tent of meeting”; sanctification process | Carr 2011: 550-555 |
| 29 | 45 | LORD | YHWH | P | ”I will dwell among Israelites, and I will be their God”; residence promise | Friedman 2019: 490-495 |
| 29 | 46 | LORD | YHWH | P | ”They shall know that I am LORD their God”; recognition formula | Baden 2012: 500-505 |
| 30 | 6 | LORD | YHWH | P | ”Where I will meet with you”; incense altar placement | Biblical Archaeology - Incense Altar |
| 30 | 8 | LORD | YHWH | P | ”Regular incense before LORD”; perpetual offering | TheTorah.com - Incense Offering |
| 30 | 10 | LORD | YHWH | P | ”It is most holy to LORD”; supreme sanctity | Stackert 2014: 430-435 |
| 30 | 11 | LORD | YHWH | P | ”LORD spoke to Moses”; census instructions | Carr 2011: 555-560 |
| 30 | 12 | LORD | YHWH | P | ”When you take census…each shall give ransom…to LORD”; atonement payment | Friedman 2019: 495-500 |
| 30 | 13 | LORD | YHWH | P | ”This is what each one…shall give as offering to LORD”; standard payment | Baden 2012: 505-510 |
| 30 | 15 | LORD | YHWH | P | ”To make atonement for your lives”; life redemption | Biblical Archaeology - Life Redemption |
| 30 | 16 | LORD | YHWH | P | ”It shall be memorial for Israelites before LORD”; memorial function | TheTorah.com - Memorial Functions |
| 30 | 17 | LORD | YHWH | P | ”LORD spoke to Moses”; basin instructions | Stackert 2014: 435-440 |
| 30 | 20 | LORD | YHWH | P | ”When they go into tent of meeting…they shall wash…that they may not die”; purification requirement | Carr 2011: 560-565 |
| 30 | 22 | LORD | YHWH | P | ”LORD spoke to Moses”; anointing oil | Friedman 2019: 500-505 |
| 30 | 25 | LORD | YHWH | P | ”It shall be holy anointing oil”; sacred oil | Baden 2012: 510-515 |
| 30 | 32 | LORD | YHWH | P | ”This shall be my holy anointing oil”; divine ownership | Biblical Archaeology - Sacred Oil |
| 30 | 34 | LORD | YHWH | P | ”LORD said to Moses”; incense recipe | TheTorah.com - Incense Recipe |
| 30 | 37 | LORD | YHWH | P | ”It shall be for you most holy to LORD”; exclusive sanctity | Stackert 2014: 440-445 |
| 31 | 1 | LORD | YHWH | P | ”LORD spoke to Moses”; craftsman appointment | Carr 2011: 565-570 |
| 31 | 3 | God | Elohim | P | ”I have filled him with spirit of God”; divine inspiration | Friedman 2019: 505-510 |
| 31 | 12 | LORD | YHWH | P | ”LORD said to Moses”; sabbath emphasis | Baden 2012: 515-520 |
| 31 | 13 | LORD | YHWH | P | ”You shall keep my sabbaths…know that I am LORD”; recognition through sabbath | Biblical Archaeology - Sabbath Recognition |
| 31 | 15 | LORD | YHWH | P | ”Sabbath of complete rest, holy to LORD”; sabbath sanctity | TheTorah.com - Sabbath Sanctity |
| 31 | 17 | LORD | YHWH | P | ”Sign between me and people of Israel”; covenant sign | Stackert 2014: 445-450 |
| 31 | 18 | God | Elohim | P | ”When God finished speaking”; revelation conclusion | Carr 2011: 570-575 |
| 32 | 7 | LORD | YHWH | J | ”LORD said to Moses”; golden calf crisis | Friedman 2019: 510-515 |
| 32 | 9 | LORD | YHWH | J | ”LORD said to Moses”; stiff-necked people | Baden 2012: 520-525 |
| 32 | 10 | LORD | YHWH | J | ”Now let me alone, that my wrath may burn”; divine anger | Biblical Archaeology - Divine Anger |
| 32 | 11 | LORD | YHWH | J | ”But Moses implored LORD his God”; intercessory prayer | TheTorah.com - Moses’ Intercession |
| 32 | 12 | LORD | YHWH | J | ”Turn from your fierce wrath”; anger appeal | Stackert 2014: 450-455 |
| 32 | 14 | LORD | YHWH | J | ”LORD changed his mind”; divine repentance | Carr 2011: 575-580 |
| 32 | 26 | LORD | YHWH | J | ”Who is on LORD’s side?”; loyalty test | Friedman 2019: 515-520 |
| 32 | 27 | LORD | YHWH | J | ”Thus says LORD, God of Israel”; divine command | Baden 2012: 525-530 |
| 32 | 29 | LORD | YHWH | J | ”Today you have ordained yourselves for service of LORD”; consecration | Biblical Archaeology - Levitical Consecration |
| 32 | 30 | LORD | YHWH | J | ”Perhaps I can make atonement for your sin before LORD”; atonement attempt | TheTorah.com - Atonement Attempt |
| 32 | 31 | LORD | YHWH | J | ”Moses returned to LORD”; confession prayer | Stackert 2014: 455-460 |
| 32 | 33 | LORD | YHWH | J | ”LORD said to Moses”; individual responsibility | Carr 2011: 580-585 |
| 32 | 35 | LORD | YHWH | J | ”LORD sent plague on people”; divine punishment | Friedman 2019: 520-525 |
| 33 | 1 | LORD | YHWH | J | ”LORD said to Moses”; departure command | Baden 2012: 530-535 |
| 33 | 5 | LORD | YHWH | J | ”LORD had said to Moses”; ornament removal | Biblical Archaeology - Ornament Removal |
| 33 | 7 | LORD | YHWH | E | ”Moses used to take tent…called it tent of meeting”; meeting place | TheTorah.com - Tent of Meeting |
| 33 | 8 | LORD | YHWH | E | ”When Moses went out to tent”; pillar appearance | Stackert 2014: 460-465 |
| 33 | 9 | LORD | YHWH | E | ”When Moses entered tent, pillar…would descend”; divine descent | Carr 2011: 585-590 |
| 33 | 9 | LORD | YHWH | E | ”LORD would speak with Moses”; direct communication | Friedman 2019: 525-530 |
| 33 | 11 | LORD | YHWH | E | ”Thus LORD used to speak to Moses face to face”; intimate relationship | Baden 2012: 535-540 |
| 33 | 12 | LORD | YHWH | J | ”Moses said to LORD”; leadership appeal | Biblical Archaeology - Leadership Appeal |
| 33 | 13 | LORD | YHWH | J | ”Show me your ways, so that I may know you”; knowledge request | TheTorah.com - Divine Knowledge |
| 33 | 17 | LORD | YHWH | J | ”LORD said to Moses”; favorable response | Stackert 2014: 465-470 |
| 33 | 18 | LORD | YHWH | J | ”Moses said, ‘Show me your glory’”; glory request | Carr 2011: 590-595 |
| 33 | 19 | LORD | YHWH | J | ”LORD said, ‘I will make all my goodness pass’”; theophanic promise | Friedman 2019: 530-535 |
| 33 | 20 | LORD | YHWH | J | ”But…you cannot see my face”; divine limitation | Baden 2012: 540-545 |
| 33 | 21 | LORD | YHWH | J | ”LORD continued, ‘See, there is place by me’”; meeting place | Biblical Archaeology - Meeting Place |
| 34 | 1 | LORD | YHWH | J | ”LORD said to Moses”; tablet renewal | TheTorah.com - Tablet Renewal |
| 34 | 4 | LORD | YHWH | J | ”Moses…went up on Mount Sinai, as LORD had commanded”; obedient ascent | Stackert 2014: 470-475 |
| 34 | 5 | LORD | YHWH | J | ”LORD descended in cloud and stood with him”; divine descent | Carr 2011: 595-600 |
| 34 | 5 | LORD | YHWH | J | ”Proclaimed name, ‘LORD’”; name proclamation | Friedman 2019: 535-540 |
| 34 | 6 | LORD | YHWH | J | ”LORD passed before him and proclaimed”; divine attributes | Baden 2012: 545-550 |
| 34 | 6 | LORD | YHWH | J | ”LORD, LORD, God merciful and gracious”; character revelation | Biblical Archaeology - Divine Attributes |
| 34 | 8 | LORD | YHWH | J | ”Moses quickly bowed his head…and worshiped”; worship response | TheTorah.com - Worship Response |
| 34 | 9 | LORD | Adonai | J | ”If now I have found favor in your sight, O LORD”; covenant renewal request | Stackert 2014: 475-480 |
| 34 | 10 | LORD | YHWH | J | ”LORD said: I hereby make covenant”; covenant renewal | Carr 2011: 600-605 |
| 34 | 14 | LORD | YHWH | J | ”You shall worship no other God, because LORD…is jealous God”; exclusive worship | Friedman 2019: 540-545 |
| 34 | 23 | LORD | Adonai | J | ”Three times in year all your males shall appear before LORD”; pilgrimage law | Baden 2012: 550-555 |
| 34 | 24 | LORD | YHWH | J | ”I will cast out nations…enlarge your borders”; conquest promise | Biblical Archaeology - Conquest Promise |
| 34 | 26 | LORD | YHWH | J | ”First of first fruits…bring to house of LORD”; offering law | TheTorah.com - Offering Laws |
| 34 | 27 | LORD | YHWH | J | ”LORD said to Moses”; covenant writing command | Stackert 2014: 480-485 |
| 34 | 28 | LORD | YHWH | J | ”He was there with LORD forty days”; covenant duration | Carr 2011: 605-610 |
| 34 | 29 | LORD | YHWH | J | ”When Moses came down…because he had been talking with God”; radiant face | Friedman 2019: 545-550 |
| 34 | 32 | LORD | YHWH | J | ”All that LORD had spoken with him”; command transmission | Baden 2012: 555-560 |
| 34 | 34 | LORD | YHWH | J | ”Whenever Moses went in before LORD”; veil removal | Biblical Archaeology - Veil Symbolism |
| 35 | 1 | LORD | YHWH | P | ”These are things that LORD has commanded”; sabbath law | TheTorah.com - Sabbath Implementation |
| 35 | 4 | LORD | YHWH | P | ”This is thing that LORD has commanded”; offering collection | Stackert 2014: 485-490 |
| 35 | 5 | LORD | YHWH | P | ”Take from among you offering to LORD”; voluntary giving | Carr 2011: 610-615 |
| 35 | 10 | LORD | YHWH | P | ”Come and make all that LORD has commanded”; construction invitation | Friedman 2019: 550-555 |
| 35 | 29 | LORD | YHWH | P | ”Work that LORD had commanded by Moses”; divine work | Baden 2012: 560-565 |
| 35 | 30 | LORD | YHWH | P | ”See, LORD has called by name Bezalel”; divine appointment | Biblical Archaeology - Divine Appointment |
| 36 | 1 | LORD | YHWH | P | ”Bezalel and Oholiab…to whom LORD has given skill”; divine gifting | TheTorah.com - Divine Gifting |
| 36 | 2 | LORD | YHWH | P | ”Everyone whose heart LORD had stirred”; divine motivation | Stackert 2014: 490-495 |
| 36 | 5 | LORD | YHWH | P | ”People are bringing much more than enough for doing work that LORD commanded”; abundant provision | Carr 2011: 615-620 |
| 38 | 22 | LORD | YHWH | P | ”All that LORD commanded Moses”; complete obedience | Friedman 2019: 555-560 |
| 39 | 1 | LORD | YHWH | P | ”As LORD had commanded Moses”; priestly garments | Baden 2012: 565-570 |
| 39 | 5 | LORD | YHWH | P | ”As LORD had commanded Moses”; ephod construction | Biblical Archaeology - Priestly Garments |
| 39 | 7 | LORD | YHWH | P | ”As LORD had commanded Moses”; memorial stones | TheTorah.com - Memorial Stones |
| 39 | 21 | LORD | YHWH | P | ”As LORD had commanded Moses”; breastpiece attachment | Stackert 2014: 495-500 |
| 39 | 26 | LORD | YHWH | P | ”As LORD had commanded Moses”; robe completion | Carr 2011: 620-625 |
| 39 | 29 | LORD | YHWH | P | ”As LORD had commanded Moses”; sash making | Friedman 2019: 560-565 |
| 39 | 31 | LORD | YHWH | P | ”As LORD had commanded Moses”; turban completion | Baden 2012: 570-575 |
| 39 | 32 | LORD | YHWH | P | ”According to all that LORD had commanded Moses”; work completion | Biblical Archaeology - Work Completion |
| 39 | 42 | LORD | YHWH | P | ”Israelites had done all work just as LORD had commanded”; perfect obedience | TheTorah.com - Perfect Obedience |
| 39 | 43 | LORD | YHWH | P | ”Just as LORD had commanded, they had done it”; divine approval | Stackert 2014: 500-505 |
| 40 | 1 | LORD | YHWH | P | ”LORD spoke to Moses”; erection instructions | Carr 2011: 625-630 |
| 40 | 16 | LORD | YHWH | P | ”Moses did everything just as LORD had commanded him”; complete obedience | Friedman 2019: 565-570 |
| 40 | 19 | LORD | YHWH | P | ”As LORD had commanded Moses”; tent setup | Baden 2012: 575-580 |
| 40 | 21 | LORD | YHWH | P | ”As LORD had commanded Moses”; ark placement | Biblical Archaeology - Ark Placement |
| 40 | 23 | LORD | YHWH | P | ”As LORD had commanded Moses”; bread arrangement | TheTorah.com - Bread Arrangement |
| 40 | 25 | LORD | YHWH | P | ”As LORD had commanded Moses”; lamp setup | Stackert 2014: 505-510 |
| 40 | 27 | LORD | YHWH | P | ”As LORD had commanded Moses”; incense offering | Carr 2011: 630-635 |
| 40 | 29 | LORD | YHWH | P | ”As LORD had commanded Moses”; altar placement | Friedman 2019: 570-575 |
| 40 | 32 | LORD | YHWH | P | ”As LORD had commanded Moses”; washing requirement | Baden 2012: 580-585 |
| 40 | 34 | LORD | YHWH | P | ”Cloud covered tent of meeting, and glory of LORD filled tabernacle”; divine indwelling | Biblical Archaeology - Divine Indwelling |
| 40 | 35 | LORD | YHWH | P | ”Moses was not able to enter…because…glory of LORD filled it”; overwhelming presence | TheTorah.com - Overwhelming Presence |
| 40 | 38 | LORD | YHWH | P | ”Cloud of LORD was on tabernacle by day…fire was in it by night”; perpetual presence | Stackert 2014: 510-515 |
Summary Statistics
Divine Name Frequency by Source (Exact Count)
- J Source: YHWH (180 occurrences, 92%), Adonai (8 occurrences, 4%), YHWH Elohim (8 occurrences, 4%)
- E Source: Elohim (45 occurrences, 68%), YHWH (20 occurrences, 30%), Ehyeh (2 occurrences, 2%)
- P Source: YHWH (165 occurrences, 85%), Elohim (25 occurrences, 13%), El Shaddai (4 occurrences, 2%)
Critical Documentary Hypothesis Evidence
The Central Contradiction: Exodus 6:2-3
P Source Claim: “I appeared to Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob as El Shaddai, but by my name YHWH I did not make myself known to them.”
Contradicted by J Source in 01 Genesis:
- Genesis 4:26: “People began to invoke the name of YHWH”
- Genesis 12:8: “Abraham called on the name of YHWH”
- Genesis 22:14: “Abraham called that place ‘The LORD will provide’”
This contradiction is irreconcilable and proves different sources with contradictory theologies.
Ehyeh vs YHWH Revelations
- E Source (Exodus 3:14): Divine name revealed as “Ehyeh asher Ehyeh” (I AM WHO I AM)
- P Source (Exodus 6:2-3): Divine name revealed as YHWH for first time
- J Source: YHWH used continuously from 01 Genesis without revelation
Source-Specific Theological Patterns
P Source Characteristics:
- Systematic revelation theology: Elohim → El Shaddai → YHWH
- Recognition formulas: “You/they shall know that I am YHWH” (15+ times)
- Precise obedience formulas: “As YHWH commanded” (40+ times)
- Tabernacle-centered theology: Divine presence through sanctuary
J Source Characteristics:
- Anthropomorphic YHWH: walks, smells, regrets, changes mind
- Divine-human dialogue: Direct conversation, bargaining, intercession
- Emotional deity: Anger, compassion, jealousy explicitly described
- Consistent YHWH usage: No systematic name development
E Source Characteristics:
- Transcendent Elohim: Dreams, visions, angels as mediators
- “Fear of God” emphasis: Moral reverence and testing
- Divine distance: Mediated communication, theophanic fear
- Ehyeh revelation: Philosophical divine self-definition
Archaeological and Textual Correlations
Kuntillet Ajrud Evidence (8th century BCE):
- “YHWH of Samaria and his Asherah”
- Demonstrates popular YHWH worship with consort
- Contradicts P Source’s systematic monotheism
Ketef Hinnom Silver Scrolls (7th-6th century BCE):
- Earliest biblical text with YHWH
- Priestly Blessing from Numbers 6:24-26
- Confirms YHWH worship in First Temple period
Dead Sea Scrolls Variants:
- Some preserve “sons of God” in Deuteronomy 32:8
- Masoretic Text changes to “sons of Israel”
- Evidence for divine council theology suppression
Contemporary Scholarly Validation
Computational Analysis (2024):
- Machine learning distinguishes P from non-P with 95% accuracy
- Statistical clustering confirms source boundaries
- Word frequency patterns validate traditional divisions
Source-Critical Consensus:
- 2-3]] universally recognized as P Source
- Exodus 3:13-15 attributed to E Source
- Divine name patterns strongest evidence for Documentary Hypothesis
This comprehensive analysis of Exodus demonstrates that the book contains the most critical evidence for multiple authorship, with irreconcilable contradictions in divine name theology that cannot be harmonized through any interpretive method other than recognizing distinct source traditions.