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Chapter 22
Property Laws
1
[“]If a man steals an ox or a sheep and slaughters or sells it, he must repay five oxen for… an ox and four sheep for a sheep.
c. 250 BCE · → chapter · 1
Ἐὰν δέ τις κλέψῃ μόσχον ἢ πρόβατον καὶ σφάξῃ ἢ ἀποδῶται, πέντε μόσχους ἀποτίσει ἀντὶτοῦ μόσχου καὶ τέσσερα πρόβατα ἀντὶ τοῦ προβάτου.
𐤊𐤉 𐤀𐤉𐤔 𐤉𐤂𐤍𐤁 𐤔𐤅𐤓 𐤀𐤅 𐤔𐤄 𐤅𐤈𐤁𐤇𐤅 𐤀𐤅 𐤌𐤊𐤓𐤅 𐤉𐤔𐤋𐤌 𐤇𐤌𐤔𐤄 𐤁𐤒𐤓 𐤕𐤇𐤕 𐤕𐤇𐤕 𐤄𐤔𐤅𐤓 𐤅𐤀𐤓𐤁𐤏 𐤄𐤔𐤄 𐤑𐤀𐤍
כִּ֤י אִישׁ֙ יִגְנֹֽב־ שׁ֣וֹר אוֹ־ שֶׂ֔ה וּטְבָח֖וֹ א֣וֹ מְכָר֑וֹ יְשַׁלֵּם֙ חֲמִשָּׁ֣ה בָקָ֗ר תַּ֣חַת תַּ֥חַת הַשּׁ֔וֹר וְאַרְבַּע־ הַשֶּֽׂה׃ צֹ֖אן kî ’îš yiḡ·nōḇ- šō·wr ’ōw- śeh ū·ṭə·ḇā·ḥōw ’ōw mə·ḵā·rōw yə·šal·lêm ḥă·miš·šāh ḇā·qār ta·ḥaṯ ta·ḥaṯ haš·šō·wr wə·’ar·ba‘- haś·śeh ṣōn — 1008 CE · → chapter · 1
2
If a thief is caught breaking in and is beaten to death, no one vvv shall be guilty of bloodshed.
c. 250 BCE · → chapter · 2
ἐὰν δὲ ἐν τῷ διορύγματι εὑρεθῇ ὁ κλέπτης καὶ πληγεὶς ἀποθάνῃ, οὐκ ἔστιν αὐτῷ φόνος·
𐤀𐤌 𐤄𐤂𐤍𐤁 𐤉𐤌𐤑𐤀 𐤁𐤌𐤇𐤕𐤓𐤕 𐤅𐤄𐤊𐤄 𐤅𐤌𐤕 𐤀𐤉𐤍 𐤋𐤅 𐤃𐤌𐤉𐤌
אִם־ הַגַּנָּ֖ב יִמָּצֵ֥א בַּמַּחְתֶּ֛רֶת וְהֻכָּ֣ה וָמֵ֑ת אֵ֥ין ל֖וֹ דָּמִֽים׃ ’im- hag·gan·nāḇ yim·mā·ṣê bam·maḥ·te·reṯ wə·huk·kāh wā·mêṯ ’ên lōw dā·mîm — 1008 CE · → chapter · 2
3
But if it happens after sunrise…,… there is guilt for his bloodshed… A thief must make full restitution…; if he has nothing he himself shall be sold for his theft.
c. 250 BCE · → chapter · 3
ἐὰν δὲ ἀνατείλῃ ὁ ἥλιος ἐπ’ αὐτῷ, ἔνοχός ἐστιν, ἀνταποθανεῖται. ἐὰν δὲ μὴ ὑπάρχῃ αὐτῷ, πραθήτω ἀντὶ τοῦ κλέμματος.
𐤀𐤌 𐤆𐤓𐤇𐤄 𐤄𐤔𐤌𐤔 𐤏𐤋𐤉𐤅 𐤃𐤌𐤉𐤌 𐤋𐤅 𐤔𐤋𐤌 𐤉𐤔𐤋𐤌 𐤀𐤌 𐤀𐤉𐤍 𐤋𐤅 𐤅𐤍𐤌𐤊𐤓 𐤁𐤂𐤍𐤁𐤕𐤅
אִם־ זָרְחָ֥ה הַשֶּׁ֛מֶשׁ עָלָ֖יו דָּמִ֣ים ל֑וֹ שַׁלֵּ֣ם יְשַׁלֵּ֔ם אִם־ אֵ֣ין ל֔וֹ וְנִמְכַּ֖ר בִּגְנֵבָתֽוֹ׃ ’im- zā·rə·ḥāh haš·še·meš ‘ā·lāw dā·mîm lōw šal·lêm yə·šal·lêm ’im- ’ên lōw wə·nim·kar biḡ·nê·ḇā·ṯōw — 1008 CE · → chapter · 3
4
If what was stolen… is actually found… alive in his possession— whether ox or donkey or sheep— he must pay back double.
c. 250 BCE · → chapter · 4
ἐὰν δὲ καταλημφθῇ καὶ εὑρεθῇ ἐν τῇ χειρὶ αὐτοῦ τὸ κλέμμα ἀπό τε ὄνου ἕως προβάτου, ζῶντα, διπλᾶ αὐτὰ ἀποτίσει.
𐤀𐤌 𐤄𐤂𐤍𐤁𐤄 𐤄𐤌𐤑𐤀 𐤕𐤌𐤑𐤀 𐤇𐤉𐤉𐤌 𐤁𐤉𐤃𐤅 𐤌𐤔𐤅𐤓 𐤏𐤃 𐤇𐤌𐤅𐤓 𐤏𐤃 𐤔𐤄 𐤉𐤔𐤋𐤌𐤎 𐤔𐤍𐤉𐤌
אִֽם־ הַגְּנֵבָ֗ה הִמָּצֵא֩ תִמָּצֵ֨א חַיִּ֑ים בְיָד֜וֹ מִשּׁ֧וֹר עַד־ חֲמ֛וֹר עַד־ שֶׂ֖ה יְשַׁלֵּֽם׃ס שְׁנַ֖יִם ’im- hag·gə·nê·ḇāh him·mā·ṣê ṯim·mā·ṣê ḥay·yîm ḇə·yā·ḏōw miš·šō·wr ‘aḏ- ḥă·mō·wr ‘aḏ- śeh yə·šal·lêm šə·na·yim — 1008 CE · → chapter · 4
5
If a man grazes his livestock in a field or vineyard and allows them to stray so that they graze in someone else’s field, he must make restitution from the best of his own field… or vineyard.
c. 250 BCE · → chapter · 5
Ἐὰν δὲ καταβοσκήσῃ τις ἀγρὸν ἢ ἀμπελῶνα, καὶ ἀφῇ τὸ κτῆνος αὐτοῦ καταβοσκῆσαι ἀγρὸν ἕτερον, ἀποτίσει ἐκ τοῦ ἀγροῦ αὐτοῦ κατὰ τὸ γένημα αὐτοῦ· ἐὰν δὲ πάντα τὸν ἀγρὸν καταβοσκήσῃ, τὰ βέλτιστα τοῦ ἀγροῦ αὐτοῦ καὶ τὰ βέλτιστα τοῦ ἀμπελῶνος αὐτοῦ ἀποτίσει.
𐤊𐤉 𐤀𐤉𐤔 𐤉𐤁𐤏𐤓 𐤔𐤃𐤄 𐤀𐤅 𐤊𐤓𐤌 𐤁𐤏𐤉𐤓𐤄 𐤅𐤔𐤋𐤇 𐤀𐤕 𐤅𐤁𐤏𐤓 𐤀𐤇𐤓 𐤁𐤔𐤃𐤄 𐤉𐤔𐤋𐤌𐤎 𐤌𐤉𐤈𐤁 𐤔𐤃𐤄𐤅 𐤅𐤌𐤉𐤈𐤁 𐤊𐤓𐤌𐤅
כִּ֤י אִישׁ֙ יַבְעֶר־ שָׂדֶ֣ה אוֹ־ כֶ֔רֶם בְּעִירֹה וְשִׁלַּח֙ אֶת־ וּבִעֵ֖ר אַחֵ֑ר בִּשְׂדֵ֣ה יְשַׁלֵּֽם׃ס מֵיטַ֥ב שָׂדֵ֛הוּ וּמֵיטַ֥ב כַּרְמ֖וֹ kî ’îš yaḇ·‘er- śā·ḏeh ’ōw- ḵe·rem bə·ʿī·rōh wə·šil·laḥ ’eṯ- ū·ḇi·‘êr ’a·ḥêr biś·ḏêh yə·šal·lêm mê·ṭaḇ śā·ḏê·hū ū·mê·ṭaḇ kar·mōw — 1008 CE · → chapter · 5
6
If a fire breaks out and spreads to thornbushes so that it consumes stacked or standing grain, or the whole field, the one who started the fire must make full restitution…
c. 250 BCE · → chapter · 6
Ἐὰν δὲ ἐξελθὸν πῦρ εὕρῃ ἀκάνθας καὶ προσεμπρήσῃ ἅλωνας ἢ στάχυς ἢ πεδίον, ἀποτίσει ὁ τὸ πῦρ ἐκκαύσὰς.
𐤊𐤉 𐤀𐤔 𐤕𐤑𐤀 𐤅𐤌𐤑𐤀𐤄 𐤒𐤑𐤉𐤌 𐤅𐤍𐤀𐤊𐤋 𐤂𐤃𐤉𐤔 𐤀𐤅 𐤄𐤒𐤌𐤄 𐤀𐤅 𐤄𐤔𐤃𐤄 𐤄𐤌𐤁𐤏𐤓 𐤀𐤕 𐤄𐤁𐤏𐤓𐤄𐤎 𐤔𐤋𐤌 𐤉𐤔𐤋𐤌
כִּֽי־ אֵ֜שׁ תֵצֵ֨א וּמָצְאָ֤ה קֹצִים֙ וְנֶאֱכַ֣ל גָּדִ֔ישׁ א֥וֹ הַקָּמָ֖ה א֣וֹ הַשָּׂדֶ֑ה הַמַּבְעִ֖ר אֶת־ הַבְּעֵרָֽה׃ס שַׁלֵּ֣ם יְשַׁלֵּ֔ם kî- ’êš ṯê·ṣê ū·mā·ṣə·’āh qō·ṣîm wə·ne·’ĕ·ḵal gā·ḏîš ’ōw haq·qā·māh ’ōw haś·śā·ḏeh ham·maḇ·‘ir ’eṯ- hab·bə·‘ê·rāh šal·lêm yə·šal·lêm — 1008 CE · → chapter · 6
7
If a man… gives his neighbor money or goods for safekeeping and they are stolen from the neighbor’s house, the thief, if caught, must pay back double.
c. 250 BCE · → chapter · 7
Ἐὰν δέ τις δῷ τῷ πλησίον ἀργύριον ἢ σκεύη φυλάξαι καὶ κλαπῇ ἐκ τῆς οἰκίας τοῦ ἀνθρώπου, ἐὰν εὑρεθῇ ὁ κλέψας, ἀποτίσει τὸ διπλοῦν·
𐤊𐤉 𐤀𐤉𐤔 𐤀𐤋 𐤉𐤕𐤍 𐤓𐤏𐤄𐤅 𐤊𐤎𐤐 𐤀𐤅 𐤊𐤋𐤉𐤌 𐤋𐤔𐤌𐤓 𐤅𐤂𐤍𐤁 𐤄𐤀𐤉𐤔 𐤌𐤁𐤉𐤕 𐤄𐤂𐤍𐤁 𐤀𐤌 𐤉𐤌𐤑𐤀 𐤉𐤔𐤋𐤌 𐤔𐤍𐤉𐤌
כִּֽי־ אִ֨ישׁ אֶל־ יִתֵּן֩ רֵעֵ֜הוּ כֶּ֤סֶף אֽוֹ־ כֵלִים֙ לִשְׁמֹ֔ר וְגֻנַּ֖ב הָאִ֑ישׁ מִבֵּ֣ית הַגַּנָּ֖ב אִם־ יִמָּצֵ֥א יְשַׁלֵּ֥ם שְׁנָֽיִם׃ kî- ’îš ’el- yit·tên rê·‘ê·hū ke·sep̄ ’ōw- ḵê·lîm liš·mōr wə·ḡun·naḇ hā·’îš mib·bêṯ hag·gan·nāḇ ’im- yim·mā·ṣê yə·šal·lêm šə·nā·yim — 1008 CE · → chapter · 7
8
If the thief is not found, the owner of the house must appear before the judges to determine whether… he has taken… his neighbor’s property.
c. 250 BCE · → chapter · 8
ἐὰν δὲ μὴ εὑρεθῇ ὁ κλέψας, προσελεύσεται ὁ κύριος τῆς οἰκίας ἐνώπιον τοῦ θεοῦ καὶ ὀμεῖται, ἦ μὴν μὴ αὐτὸν πεπονηρεῦσθαι ἐφ’ ὅλης τῆς παρακαταθήκης τοῦ πλησίον.
𐤀𐤌 𐤄𐤂𐤍𐤁 𐤋𐤀 𐤉𐤌𐤑𐤀 𐤁𐤏𐤋 𐤄𐤁𐤉𐤕 𐤅𐤍𐤒𐤓𐤁 𐤀𐤋 𐤄𐤀𐤋𐤄𐤉𐤌 𐤀𐤌 𐤋𐤀 𐤔𐤋𐤇 𐤉𐤃𐤅 𐤓𐤏𐤄𐤅 𐤁𐤌𐤋𐤀𐤊𐤕
אִם־ הַגַּנָּ֔ב לֹ֤א יִמָּצֵא֙ בַּֽעַל־ הַבַּ֖יִת וְנִקְרַ֥ב אֶל־ הָֽאֱלֹהִ֑ים אִם־ לֹ֥א שָׁלַ֛ח יָד֖וֹ רֵעֵֽהוּ׃ בִּמְלֶ֥אכֶת ’im- hag·gan·nāḇ lō yim·mā·ṣê ba·‘al- hab·ba·yiṯ wə·niq·raḇ ’el- hā·’ĕ·lō·hîm ’im- lō šā·laḥ yā·ḏōw rê·‘ê·hū bim·le·ḵeṯ — 1008 CE · → chapter · 8
9
In all cases of illegal possession of an ox,… a donkey,… a sheep,… a garment,… or any lost item that someone claims…, ‘This is mine,’ both parties shall bring their cases before the judges. The one whom the judges find guilty must pay back double to his neighbor.
c. 250 BCE · → chapter · 9
κατὰ πᾶν ῥητὸν ἀδίκημα, περί τε μόσχου καὶ ὑποζυγίου καὶ προβάτου καὶ ἱματίου καὶ πάσης ἀπωλίας τῆς ἐνκαλουμένης, ὅ τι οὖν ἂν ᾖ, ἐνώπιον τοῦ θεοῦ ἐλεύσεται ἡ κρίσις ἀμφοτέρων, καὶ ὁ ἁλοὺς διὰ τοῦ θεοῦ ἀποτίσει διπ·λοῦν τῶ πλησίον.
𐤏𐤋 𐤊𐤋 𐤃𐤁𐤓 𐤐𐤔𐤏 𐤏𐤋 𐤔𐤅𐤓 𐤏𐤋 𐤇𐤌𐤅𐤓 𐤏𐤋 𐤔𐤄 𐤏𐤋 𐤔𐤋𐤌𐤄 𐤏𐤋 𐤊𐤋 𐤀𐤁𐤃𐤄 𐤀𐤔𐤓 𐤉𐤀𐤌𐤓 𐤊𐤉 𐤆𐤄 𐤄𐤅𐤀 𐤔𐤍𐤉𐤄𐤌 𐤀𐤔𐤓 𐤉𐤁𐤀 𐤃𐤁𐤓 𐤏𐤃 𐤄𐤀𐤋𐤄𐤉𐤌 𐤀𐤋𐤄𐤉𐤌 𐤉𐤓𐤔𐤉𐤏𐤍 𐤉𐤔𐤋𐤌 𐤔𐤍𐤉𐤌 𐤋𐤓𐤏𐤄𐤅𐤎
עַֽל־ כָּל־ דְּבַר־ פֶּ֡שַׁע עַל־ שׁ֡וֹר עַל־ חֲ֠מוֹר עַל־ שֶׂ֨ה עַל־ שַׂלְמָ֜ה עַל־ כָּל־ אֲבֵדָ֗ה אֲשֶׁ֤ר יֹאמַר֙ כִּי־ זֶ֔ה ה֣וּא שְׁנֵיהֶ֑ם אֲשֶׁ֤ר יָבֹ֖א דְּבַר־ עַ֚ד הָֽאֱלֹהִ֔ים אֱלֹהִ֔ים יַרְשִׁיעֻן֙ יְשַׁלֵּ֥ם שְׁנַ֖יִם לְרֵעֵֽהוּ׃ס ‘al- kāl- də·ḇar- pe·ša‘ ‘al- šō·wr ‘al- ḥă·mō·wr ‘al- śeh ‘al- śal·māh ‘al- kāl- ’ă·ḇê·ḏāh ’ă·šer yō·mar kî- zeh hū šə·nê·hem ’ă·šer yā·ḇō də·ḇar- ‘aḏ hā·’ĕ·lō·hîm ’ĕ·lō·hîm yar·šî·‘un yə·šal·lêm šə·na·yim lə·rê·‘ê·hū — 1008 CE · → chapter · 9
10
If a man… gives a donkey, an ox, a sheep, or any other animal to be cared for by his neighbor, but it dies or is injured or stolen while no one is watching,
c. 250 BCE · → chapter · 10
Ἐὰν τις δῶ τῶ πλησίον ὑποζύγιον ἢ μόσχον ἢ πρόβατον ἢ πᾶν κτῆνος φυλάξαι, καὶ συντριβῇ ἢ τελευτήσῃ ἢ αἰχμάλωτον γένηται, καὶ μηδεὶς γνῷ,
𐤊𐤉 𐤀𐤉𐤔 𐤀𐤋 𐤉𐤕𐤍 𐤇𐤌𐤅𐤓 𐤀𐤅 𐤔𐤅𐤓 𐤀𐤅 𐤔𐤄 𐤅𐤊𐤋 𐤁𐤄𐤌𐤄 𐤋𐤔𐤌𐤓 𐤓𐤏𐤄𐤅 𐤅𐤌𐤕 𐤀𐤅 𐤍𐤔𐤁𐤓 𐤀𐤅 𐤍𐤔𐤁𐤄 𐤀𐤉𐤍 𐤓𐤀𐤄
כִּֽי־ אִ֨ישׁ אֶל־ יִתֵּן֩ חֲמ֨וֹר אוֹ־ שׁ֥וֹר אוֹ־ שֶׂ֛ה וְכָל־ בְּהֵמָ֖ה לִשְׁמֹ֑ר רֵעֵ֜הוּ וּמֵ֛ת אוֹ־ נִשְׁבַּ֥ר אוֹ־ נִשְׁבָּ֖ה אֵ֥ין רֹאֶֽה׃ kî- ’îš ’el- yit·tên ḥă·mō·wr ’ōw- šō·wr ’ōw- śeh wə·ḵāl bə·hê·māh liš·mōr rê·‘ê·hū ū·mêṯ ’ōw- niš·bar ’ōw- niš·bāh ’ên rō·’eh — 1008 CE · → chapter · 10
11
an oath before the LORD shall be made between the parties to determine whether or not the man has taken… his neighbor’s property. The owner must accept [the oath] and require no restitution.
c. 250 BCE · → chapter · 11
ὅρκος ἔσται τοῦ θεοῦ ἀνὰ μέσον ἀμφοτέρων, ἦ μὴν μὴ αὐτὸν πεπονηρεῦσθαι καθόλου τῆς παρακαταθήκης τοῦ πλησίον. καὶ οὕτως προσδέξεται ὁ κύριος αὐτοῦ, καὶ οὐκ ἀποτίσει.
𐤔𐤁𐤏𐤕 𐤉𐤄𐤅𐤄 𐤕𐤄𐤉𐤄 𐤁𐤉𐤍 𐤔𐤍𐤉𐤄𐤌 𐤀𐤌 𐤋𐤀 𐤔𐤋𐤇 𐤉𐤃𐤅 𐤓𐤏𐤄𐤅 𐤁𐤌𐤋𐤀𐤊𐤕 𐤁𐤏𐤋𐤉𐤅 𐤅𐤋𐤒𐤇 𐤅𐤋𐤀 𐤉𐤔𐤋𐤌
שְׁבֻעַ֣ת יְהוָ֗ה תִּהְיֶה֙ בֵּ֣ין שְׁנֵיהֶ֔ם אִם־ לֹ֥א שָׁלַ֛ח יָד֖וֹ רֵעֵ֑הוּ בִּמְלֶ֣אכֶת בְּעָלָ֖יו וְלָקַ֥ח וְלֹ֥א יְשַׁלֵּֽם׃ šə·ḇu·‘aṯ Yah·weh tih·yeh bên šə·nê·hem ’im- lō šā·laḥ yā·ḏōw rê·‘ê·hū bim·le·ḵeṯ bə·‘ā·lāw wə·lā·qaḥ wə·lō yə·šal·lêm — 1008 CE · → chapter · 11
12
But if [the animal] was actually stolen from [the neighbor], he must make restitution to the owner.
c. 250 BCE · → chapter · 12
ἐὰν δὲ κλαπῇ παρ’ αὐτοῦ, ἀποτίσει τῷ κυρίῳ.
𐤅𐤀𐤌 𐤂𐤍𐤁 𐤉𐤂𐤍𐤁 𐤌𐤏𐤌𐤅 𐤉𐤔𐤋𐤌 𐤋𐤁𐤏𐤋𐤉𐤅
וְאִם־ גָּנֹ֥ב יִגָּנֵ֖ב מֵעִמּ֑וֹ יְשַׁלֵּ֖ם לִבְעָלָֽיו׃ wə·’im- gā·nōḇ yig·gā·nêḇ mê·‘im·mōw yə·šal·lêm liḇ·‘ā·lāw — 1008 CE · → chapter · 12
13
If [the animal] was torn to pieces…, he shall bring it as evidence; he need not make restitution for the torn carcass.
c. 250 BCE · → chapter · 13
ἐὰν δὲ θηριάλωτον γένηται, ἄξει αὐτὸν ἐπὶ τὴν θήραν, καὶ οὐκ ἀποτίσει.
𐤀𐤌 𐤈𐤓𐤐 𐤉𐤈𐤓𐤐 𐤉𐤁𐤀𐤄𐤅 𐤏𐤃 𐤋𐤀 𐤉𐤔𐤋𐤌𐤐 𐤄𐤈𐤓𐤐𐤄
אִם־ טָרֹ֥ף יִטָּרֵ֖ף יְבִאֵ֣הוּ עֵ֑ד לֹ֥א יְשַׁלֵּֽם׃פ הַטְּרֵפָ֖ה ’im- ṭā·rōp̄ yiṭ·ṭā·rêp̄ yə·ḇi·’ê·hū ‘êḏ lō yə·šal·lêm haṭ·ṭə·rê·p̄āh — 1008 CE · → chapter · 13
14
If a man borrows [an animal] from his neighbor and it is injured or dies while its owner is not present, he must make full restitution…
c. 250 BCE · → chapter · 14
Ἐὰν δὲ αἰτήσῃ τις παρὰ τοῦ πλησίον, καὶ συντριβῇ ἢ ἀποθάνῃ ἢ αἰχμάλωτον τᾶι, ὁ δὲ κύριος μὴ ᾖ μετ’ αὐτοῦ, ἀποτίσει·
𐤅𐤊𐤉 𐤀𐤉𐤔 𐤉𐤔𐤀𐤋 𐤌𐤏𐤌 𐤓𐤏𐤄𐤅 𐤅𐤍𐤔𐤁𐤓 𐤀𐤅 𐤌𐤕 𐤁𐤏𐤋𐤉𐤅 𐤀𐤉𐤍 𐤏𐤌𐤅 𐤔𐤋𐤌 𐤉𐤔𐤋𐤌
וְכִֽי־ אִ֛ישׁ יִשְׁאַ֥ל מֵעִ֥ם רֵעֵ֖הוּ וְנִשְׁבַּ֣ר אוֹ־ מֵ֑ת בְּעָלָ֥יו אֵין־ עִמּ֖וֹ שַׁלֵּ֥ם יְשַׁלֵּֽם׃ wə·ḵî- ’îš yiš·’al mê·‘im rê·‘ê·hū wə·niš·bar ’ōw- mêṯ bə·‘ā·lāw ’ên- ‘im·mōw šal·lêm yə·šal·lêm — 1008 CE · → chapter · 14
15
If the owner was present, no restitution is required. If [the animal]… was rented, the fee covers the loss.
c. 250 BCE · → chapter · 15
ἐὰν δὲ ὁ κύριος ᾖ μετ’ αὐτοῦ, οὐκ ἀποτίσει· ἐὰν δὲ μισθωτὸς ᾖ, ἔσται αὐτῷ ἀντὶ τοῦ μισθοῦ αὐτοῦ.
𐤀𐤌 𐤁𐤏𐤋𐤉𐤅 𐤏𐤌𐤅 𐤋𐤀 𐤉𐤔𐤋𐤌 𐤀𐤌 𐤄𐤅𐤀 𐤁𐤀 𐤔𐤊𐤉𐤓 𐤁𐤔𐤊𐤓𐤅𐤎
אִם־ בְּעָלָ֥יו עִמּ֖וֹ לֹ֣א יְשַׁלֵּ֑ם אִם־ ה֔וּא בָּ֖א שָׂכִ֣יר בִּשְׂכָרֽוֹ׃ס ’im- bə·‘ā·lāw ‘im·mōw lō yə·šal·lêm ’im- hū bā śā·ḵîr biś·ḵā·rōw — 1008 CE · → chapter · 15
Laws of Social Responsibility
16
If a man seduces a virgin who is not pledged in marriage and sleeps with her, he must pay the full dowry… for her to be his wife.
c. 250 BCE · → chapter · 16
Ἐὰν δὲ ἀπ’ ἀπατήαῃ τις παρθένον ἀμνήστευτον καὶ κοιμηθῇ μετ’ αὐτῆς, φερνῇ φερνιεῖ αὐτὴν αὐτῷ γυναῖκα.
𐤅𐤊𐤉 𐤀𐤉𐤔 𐤉𐤐𐤕𐤄 𐤁𐤕𐤅𐤋𐤄 𐤀𐤔𐤓 𐤋𐤀 𐤀𐤓𐤔𐤄 𐤅𐤔𐤊𐤁 𐤏𐤌𐤄 𐤌𐤄𐤓 𐤉𐤌𐤄𐤓𐤍𐤄 𐤋𐤅 𐤋𐤀𐤔𐤄
וְכִֽי־ אִ֗ישׁ יְפַתֶּ֣ה בְּתוּלָ֛ה אֲשֶׁ֥ר לֹא־ אֹרָ֖שָׂה וְשָׁכַ֣ב עִמָּ֑הּ מָהֹ֛ר יִמְהָרֶ֥נָּה לּ֖וֹ לְאִשָּֽׁה׃ wə·ḵî- ’îš yə·p̄at·teh bə·ṯū·lāh ’ă·šer lō- ’ō·rā·śāh wə·šā·ḵaḇ ‘im·māh mā·hōr yim·hā·ren·nāh lōw lə·’iš·šāh — 1008 CE · → chapter · 16
17
If her father absolutely refuses… to give her to him, [the man] still must pay an amount comparable to the bridal price of a virgin.
c. 250 BCE · → chapter · 17
ἐὰν δὲ ἀνανεύων ἀνανεύσῃ καὶ μὴ βούληται ὁ πατὴρ αὐτῆς δοῦναι αὐτὴν αὐτῷ γυναῖκα, ἀργύριον ἀποτίσει τῷ πατρὶ καθ’ ὅσον ἐστὶν ἢ φερνὴ τῶν παρθένων.
𐤀𐤌 𐤀𐤁𐤉𐤄 𐤌𐤀𐤍 𐤉𐤌𐤀𐤍 𐤋𐤕𐤕𐤄 𐤋𐤅 𐤉𐤔𐤒𐤋 𐤊𐤎𐤐 𐤊𐤌𐤄𐤓 𐤄𐤁𐤕𐤅𐤋𐤕𐤎
אִם־ אָבִ֖יהָ מָאֵ֧ן יְמָאֵ֛ן לְתִתָּ֣הּ ל֑וֹ יִשְׁקֹ֔ל כֶּ֣סֶף כְּמֹ֖הַר הַבְּתוּלֹֽת׃ס ’im- ’ā·ḇî·hā mā·’ên yə·mā·’ên lə·ṯit·tāh lōw yiš·qōl ke·sep̄ kə·mō·har hab·bə·ṯū·lōṯ — 1008 CE · → chapter · 17
18
You must not allow a sorceress to live.
c. 250 BCE · → chapter · 18
Φαρμακοὺς οὐ περιποιήσετε.
𐤋𐤀 𐤌𐤊𐤔𐤐𐤄 𐤕𐤇𐤉𐤄𐤎
לֹ֥א מְכַשֵּׁפָ֖ה תְחַיֶּֽה׃ס lō mə·ḵaš·šê·p̄āh ṯə·ḥay·yeh — 1008 CE · → chapter · 18
19
Whoever lies with an animal must surely be put to death…
c. 250 BCE · → chapter · 19
Πᾶν κοιμώμενον μετὰ κτήνους, θανάτῳ ἀποκτενεῖτε αὐτούς.
𐤊𐤋 𐤔𐤊𐤁 𐤏𐤌 𐤁𐤄𐤌𐤄 𐤌𐤅𐤕 𐤉𐤅𐤌𐤕𐤎
כָּל־ שֹׁכֵ֥ב עִם־ בְּהֵמָ֖ה מ֥וֹת יוּמָֽת׃ס kāl- šō·ḵêḇ ‘im- bə·hê·māh mō·wṯ yū·māṯ — 1008 CE · → chapter · 19
20
[If] anyone sacrifices to any god other than the LORD alone, he must be set apart for destruction.
c. 250 BCE · → chapter · 20
Ὁ θυσιά’ζων θεοῖς θανάτῳ ὀλεθρευθήσεται, πλὴν κυρίῳ μόνῳ.
𐤆𐤁𐤇 𐤋𐤀𐤋𐤄𐤉𐤌 𐤁𐤋𐤕𐤉 𐤋𐤉𐤄𐤅𐤄 𐤋𐤁𐤃𐤅 𐤉𐤇𐤓𐤌
זֹבֵ֥חַ לָאֱלֹהִ֖ים בִּלְתִּ֥י לַיהוָ֖ה לְבַדּֽוֹ׃ יָֽחֳרָ֑ם zō·ḇê·aḥ lā·’ĕ·lō·hîm bil·tî Yah·weh lə·ḇad·dōw yā·ḥo·rām — 1008 CE · → chapter · 20
21
You must not exploit or oppress a foreign resident, for you [yourselves] were foreigners in the land of Egypt.
c. 250 BCE · → chapter · 21
Καὶ προσήλυτον οὐ κακώσετε οὐδὲ μὴ θλίψητε αὐτόν· ἦτε γὰρ λυτοι ἐν γῇ Αἰγύπτῳ.
𐤋𐤀 𐤕𐤅𐤍𐤄 𐤅𐤋𐤀 𐤕𐤋𐤇𐤑𐤍𐤅 𐤅𐤂𐤓 𐤊𐤉 𐤄𐤉𐤉𐤕𐤌 𐤂𐤓𐤉𐤌 𐤁𐤀𐤓𐤑 𐤌𐤑𐤓𐤉𐤌
לֹא־ תוֹנֶ֖ה וְלֹ֣א תִלְחָצֶ֑נּוּ וְגֵ֥ר כִּֽי־ הֱיִיתֶ֖ם גֵרִ֥ים בְּאֶ֥רֶץ מִצְרָֽיִם׃ lō- ṯō·w·neh wə·lō ṯil·ḥā·ṣen·nū wə·ḡêr kî- hĕ·yî·ṯem ḡê·rîm bə·’e·reṣ miṣ·rā·yim — 1008 CE · → chapter · 21
22
You must not mistreat any widow or orphan.
c. 250 BCE · → chapter · 22
πᾶσαν χήραν καὶ ὀρφανὸν οὐ κακώσετε·
𐤋𐤀 𐤕𐤏𐤍𐤅𐤍 𐤊𐤋 𐤀𐤋𐤌𐤍𐤄 𐤅𐤉𐤕𐤅𐤌
לֹ֥א תְעַנּֽוּן׃ כָּל־ אַלְמָנָ֥ה וְיָת֖וֹם lō ṯə·‘an·nūn kāl- ’al·mā·nāh wə·yā·ṯō·wm — 1008 CE · → chapter · 22
23
If you do mistreat them…, -… [and] they cry out to Me in distress, I will surely hear… their cry.
c. 250 BCE · → chapter · 23
ἐὰν δὲ κακίᾳ κακώσητε αὐτοὺς καὶ κεκράξαντες καταβοήσωσι πρὸς μέ, ἀκοῇ εἰσακούσομαι τῆς φωνῆς αὐτῶν·
𐤀𐤌 𐤏𐤍𐤄 𐤕𐤏𐤍𐤄 𐤀𐤕𐤅 𐤊𐤉 𐤀𐤌 𐤑𐤏𐤒 𐤀𐤋𐤉 𐤉𐤑𐤏𐤒 𐤔𐤌𐤏 𐤀𐤔𐤌𐤏 𐤑𐤏𐤒𐤕𐤅
אִם־ עַנֵּ֥ה תְעַנֶּ֖ה אֹת֑וֹ כִּ֣י אִם־ צָעֹ֤ק אֵלַ֔י יִצְעַק֙ שָׁמֹ֥עַ אֶשְׁמַ֖ע צַעֲקָתֽוֹ׃ ’im- ‘an·nêh ṯə·‘an·neh ’ō·ṯōw kî ’im- ṣā·‘ōq ’ê·lay yiṣ·‘aq šā·mō·a‘ ’eš·ma‘ ṣa·‘ă·qā·ṯōw — 1008 CE · → chapter · 23
24
My anger will be kindled, and I will kill you with the sword; then your wives will become widows and your children [will be] fatherless.
c. 250 BCE · → chapter · 24
καὶ ὀργισθήσομαι θυμῷ καὶ ἀποκτενῶ ὑμᾶς μαχαίρᾳ, καὶ ἔσονται αἱ γυναῖκες ὑμῶν χῆραι καὶ τὰ παιδία ὑμῶν ὀρφανά.
𐤀𐤐𐤉 𐤅𐤇𐤓𐤄 𐤅𐤄𐤓𐤂𐤕𐤉 𐤀𐤕𐤊𐤌 𐤁𐤇𐤓𐤁 𐤍𐤔𐤉𐤊𐤌 𐤅𐤄𐤉𐤅 𐤀𐤋𐤌𐤍𐤅𐤕 𐤅𐤁𐤍𐤉𐤊𐤌 𐤉𐤕𐤌𐤉𐤌𐤐
אַפִּ֔י וְחָרָ֣ה וְהָרַגְתִּ֥י אֶתְכֶ֖ם בֶּחָ֑רֶב נְשֵׁיכֶם֙ וְהָי֤וּ אַלְמָנ֔וֹת וּבְנֵיכֶ֖ם יְתֹמִֽים׃פ ’ap·pî wə·ḥā·rāh wə·hā·raḡ·tî ’eṯ·ḵem be·ḥā·reḇ nə·šê·ḵem wə·hā·yū ’al·mā·nō·wṯ ū·ḇə·nê·ḵem yə·ṯō·mîm — 1008 CE · → chapter · 24
25
If you lend money to [one of] My people among you [who is] poor, you must not act as a creditor to him; you are not to charge… him interest.
c. 250 BCE · → chapter · 25
Ἐὰν δὲ ἀργύριον ἐκδανίσῃς τῷ ἀδελφῷ τῷ πενιχρῷ παρὰ σοί, οὐκ ἔσῃ αὐτὸν κατεπείγων, οὐκ ἐπιθήσεις αὐτῷ τόκον.
𐤀𐤌 𐤕𐤋𐤅𐤄 𐤀𐤕 𐤊𐤎𐤐 𐤏𐤌𐤉 𐤏𐤌𐤊 𐤀𐤕 𐤄𐤏𐤍𐤉 𐤋𐤀 𐤕𐤄𐤉𐤄 𐤊𐤍𐤔𐤄 𐤋𐤅 𐤕𐤔𐤉𐤌𐤅𐤍 𐤋𐤀 𐤏𐤋𐤉𐤅 𐤍𐤔𐤊
אִם־ תַּלְוֶ֣ה אֶת־ כֶּ֣סֶף׀ עַמִּ֗י עִמָּ֔ךְ אֶת־ הֶֽעָנִי֙ לֹא־ תִהְיֶ֥ה כְּנֹשֶׁ֑ה ל֖וֹ תְשִׂימ֥וּן לֹֽא־ עָלָ֖יו נֶֽשֶׁךְ׃ ’im- tal·weh ’eṯ- ke·sep̄ ‘am·mî ‘im·māḵ ’eṯ- he·‘ā·nî lō- ṯih·yeh kə·nō·šeh lōw ṯə·śî·mūn lō- ‘ā·lāw ne·šeḵ — 1008 CE · → chapter · 25
26
If you take your neighbor’s cloak as collateral…, return it to him by sunset…,
c. 250 BCE · → chapter · 26
ἐὰν δὲ ἐνεχύρασμα ἐνεχυράσῃς τὸ ἱμάτιον τοῦ πλησίον, πρὸ δυσμῶν ἡλίου ἀποδώσεις αὐτῷ·
𐤀𐤌 𐤓𐤏𐤊 𐤔𐤋𐤌𐤕 𐤇𐤁𐤋 𐤕𐤇𐤁𐤋 𐤕𐤔𐤉𐤁𐤍𐤅 𐤋𐤅 𐤏𐤃 𐤁𐤀 𐤄𐤔𐤌𐤔
אִם־ רֵעֶ֑ךָ שַׂלְמַ֣ת חָבֹ֥ל תַּחְבֹּ֖ל תְּשִׁיבֶ֥נּוּ לֽוֹ׃ עַד־ בֹּ֥א הַשֶּׁ֖מֶשׁ ’im- rê·‘e·ḵā śal·maṯ ḥā·ḇōl taḥ·bōl tə·šî·ḇen·nū lōw ‘aḏ- bō haš·še·meš — 1008 CE · → chapter · 26
27
because [his cloak] is the only covering he has [for] his body. What else will he sleep in?… And if he cries out to Me, I will hear, for I am compassionate.
c. 250 BCE · → chapter · 27
ἔστιν γὰρ τοῦτο περιβόλαιον αὐτοῦ, μόνον τοῦτο τὸ ἱμάτιον ἀσχημοσύνης αὐτοῦ· ἐν τίνι κοιμηθήσεται; ἐὰν οὖν καταβοήσῃ πρὸς μέ, εἰσακούσομαι αὐτοῦ· ἐλεήμων γάρ εἰμι.
𐤊𐤉 𐤄𐤅𐤀 𐤋𐤁𐤃𐤄 𐤊𐤎𐤅𐤕𐤄 𐤄𐤅𐤀 𐤔𐤌𐤋𐤕𐤅 𐤋𐤏𐤓𐤅 𐤁𐤌𐤄 𐤉𐤔𐤊𐤁 𐤅𐤄𐤉𐤄 𐤊𐤉 𐤉𐤑𐤏𐤒 𐤀𐤋𐤉 𐤅𐤔𐤌𐤏𐤕𐤉 𐤊𐤉 𐤀𐤍𐤉𐤎 𐤇𐤍𐤅𐤍
כִּ֣י הִ֤וא לְבַדָּ֔הּ כְסוּתָה הִ֥וא שִׂמְלָת֖וֹ לְעֹר֑וֹ בַּמֶּ֣ה יִשְׁכָּ֔ב וְהָיָה֙ כִּֽי־ יִצְעַ֣ק אֵלַ֔י וְשָׁמַעְתִּ֖י כִּֽי־ אָֽנִי׃ס חַנּ֥וּן kî hî lə·ḇad·dāh ḵə·sū·ṯå̄h hî śim·lā·ṯōw lə·‘ō·rōw bam·meh yiš·kāḇ wə·hā·yāh kî- yiṣ·‘aq ’ê·lay wə·šā·ma‘·tî kî- ’ā·nî ḥan·nūn — 1008 CE · → chapter · 27
28
You must not blaspheme God or curse the ruler of your people…
c. 250 BCE · → chapter · 28
Θεοὺς οὐ κακολογήσεις, καὶ ἄρχοντας τοῦ λαοῦ σου οὐ κακῶς ἐρεῖς.
𐤋𐤀 𐤕𐤒𐤋𐤋 𐤀𐤋𐤄𐤉𐤌 𐤕𐤀𐤓 𐤅𐤍𐤔𐤉𐤀 𐤁𐤏𐤌𐤊 𐤋𐤀
לֹ֣א תְקַלֵּ֑ל אֱלֹהִ֖ים תָאֹֽר׃ וְנָשִׂ֥יא בְעַמְּךָ֖ לֹ֥א lō ṯə·qal·lêl ’ĕ·lō·hîm ṯā·’ōr wə·nā·śî ḇə·‘am·mə·ḵā lō — 1008 CE · → chapter · 28
29
You must not hold back [offerings] from your granaries or vats. You are to give Me the firstborn of your sons.
c. 250 BCE · → chapter · 29
ἀπαρχὰς ἅλωνος καὶ ληνοῦ σου οὐ καθυστερήσεις· τὰ πρωτότοκα τῶν υἱῶν σου δώσεις ἐμοί.
𐤋𐤀 𐤕𐤀𐤇𐤓 𐤌𐤋𐤀𐤕𐤊 𐤅𐤃𐤌𐤏𐤊 𐤕𐤕𐤍 𐤋𐤉 𐤁𐤊𐤅𐤓 𐤁𐤍𐤉𐤊
לֹ֣א תְאַחֵ֑ר מְלֵאָתְךָ֥ וְדִמְעֲךָ֖ תִּתֶּן־ לִּֽי׃ בְּכ֥וֹר בָּנֶ֖יךָ lō ṯə·’a·ḥêr mə·lê·’ā·ṯə·ḵā wə·ḏim·‘ă·ḵā tit·ten- lî bə·ḵō·wr bā·ne·ḵā — 1008 CE · → chapter · 29
30
You shall do likewise with your cattle and your sheep. Let them stay with their mothers for seven days, but on the eighth day you are to give them to Me.
c. 250 BCE · → chapter · 30
οὕτως ποιήσεις τὸν μόσχον σου καὶ τὸ πρόβατόν σου καὶ τὸ ὑποζύγιόν σου· ἑπτὰ ἡμέρας ἔσται ὑπὸ τὴν μητέρα, τῇ δὲ ὀγδόη ἡμέρᾳ ἀποδώσῃ μοι αὐτό.
𐤕𐤏𐤔𐤄 𐤊𐤍 𐤋𐤔𐤓𐤊 𐤋𐤑𐤀𐤍𐤊 𐤉𐤄𐤉𐤄 𐤏𐤌 𐤀𐤌𐤅 𐤔𐤁𐤏𐤕 𐤉𐤌𐤉𐤌 𐤄𐤔𐤌𐤉𐤍𐤉 𐤁𐤉𐤅𐤌 𐤕𐤕𐤍𐤅 𐤋𐤉
תַּעֲשֶׂ֥ה כֵּֽן־ לְשֹׁרְךָ֖ לְצֹאנֶ֑ךָ יִהְיֶ֣ה עִם־ אִמּ֔וֹ שִׁבְעַ֤ת יָמִים֙ הַשְּׁמִינִ֖י בַּיּ֥וֹם תִּתְּנוֹ־ לִֽי׃ ta·‘ă·śeh kên- lə·šō·rə·ḵā lə·ṣō·ne·ḵā yih·yeh ‘im- ’im·mōw šiḇ·‘aṯ yā·mîm haš·šə·mî·nî bay·yō·wm tit·tə·nōw- lî — 1008 CE · → chapter · 30
31
You are to be My holy people. You must not eat the meat of a mauled animal found in the field; you are to throw it to the dogs.
c. 250 BCE · → chapter · 31
καὶ ἄνδρες ἅγιοι ἔσεσθέ μοι· καὶ κρέας θηριάλωτον οὐκ ἔδεσθε, τῷ κυνὶ ἀπορίψατε αὐτό.
𐤕𐤄𐤉𐤅𐤍 𐤋𐤉 𐤒𐤃𐤔 𐤅𐤀𐤍𐤔𐤉 𐤋𐤀 𐤕𐤀𐤊𐤋𐤅 𐤅𐤁𐤔𐤓 𐤈𐤓𐤐𐤄 𐤁𐤔𐤃𐤄 𐤕𐤔𐤋𐤊𐤅𐤍 𐤀𐤕𐤅𐤎 𐤋𐤊𐤋𐤁
תִּהְי֣וּן לִ֑י קֹ֖דֶשׁ וְאַנְשֵׁי־ לֹ֣א תֹאכֵ֔לוּ וּבָשָׂ֨ר טְרֵפָה֙ בַּשָּׂדֶ֤ה תַּשְׁלִכ֥וּן אֹתֽוֹ׃ס לַכֶּ֖לֶב tih·yūn lî qō·ḏeš wə·’an·šê- lō ṯō·ḵê·lū ū·ḇā·śār ṭə·rê·p̄āh baś·śā·ḏeh taš·li·ḵūn ’ō·ṯōw lak·ke·leḇ — 1008 CE · → chapter · 31